Here’s what’s known so far about the American tourists found dead at a Bahamas resort
Officials are conducting autopsies to learn more about the circumstances surrounding the deaths of three Americans at a Sandals resort on the Bahamas’ Great Exuma island Friday, according to the Bahamian police commissioner.
The pathologist “consented to doing the autopsies” Monday, Bahamas Police Commissioner Paul Rolle said, and further information would be provided when available.
The autopsy exams could help answer questions about how the three Americans — two from Tennessee and one from Florida — died over the course of one evening. A fourth American, the wife of the Floridian who died, is in good condition after she was aiirlifted to the nation’s capital of Nassau for further treatment before being transferred stateside.
No signs of trauma were found on the bodies, the Royal Bahamas Police Force said in a statement to CNN, and the circumstances remain under police investigation.
Here’s what we have learned so far:
How did the situation unfold?
According to the police statement, authorities at the George Town Police Station received a call shortly after 9 a.m. Friday from staff that an unresponsive male was found in one of the resort’s villas.
While enroute to the scene, police were told an additional male and female, both unresponsive, were found in another villa on the property.
Police found in the first villa a “Caucasian male lying on the ground unresponsive” with no signs of trauma. A doctor pronounced him dead, police said. The woman who was hospitalized was found with him, Rolle said Saturday.
At the second villa, they found a man “slumped against a wall in a bathroom unresponsive,” and the woman was “found in a bedroom on a bed,” the police statement said.
“Both showed signs of convulsion,” the release said, and neither showed signs of trauma.
“The night prior, all of them had reported feeling ill,” Rolle said, and “were seen by the medics.” They were treated at different times and had eaten prior at different locations, he said.
When asked at a news conference how long the guests may have been dead before they were discovered, Rolle said, “They were seen by the doctor the night before, and that would have been around 11, and they were discovered the next morning. So, we have the timeline … between 11 p.m. and 8:30 to 9 a.m.”

Dimitrios Kambouris/WireImage/Getty Images
Officials are conducting autopsies to learn more about the circumstances surrounding the deaths of three Americans at a Sandals resort on the Bahamas' Great Exuma island, according to the Bahamian police commissioner.
Who are the victims?
Husband Michael Phillips, 68, and wife Robbie Phillips, 65, were identified by authorities as the couple from Tennessee who died at the resort.
Vincent Paul Chiarella, 64, from Florida, was the third individual found deceased.
His wife, Donnis, 65, has since been transferred from Nassau to Miami’s Kendall Hospital and is in good condition, according to Jennifer Guerrieri, a spokesperson for Hospital Corporation of America’s east Florida division.
Their son, Austin Chiarella, told ABC News his mother “woke up and my dad was laying there on the floor, and she couldn’t move. Her legs and arms was swollen and she couldn’t move and she screamed to get someone to come in the door.”
Donnis Chiarella told her son she became ill Thursday but after she was released from a clinic, she “thought she was alright,” according to ABC.
He said he was heartbroken over his father’s death. “My dad was everything to me,” he told ABC.
CNN’s efforts to reach Austin Chiarella have been unsuccessful.
The Phillips’ daughter, Caroline Phillips Fortenberry, sent CNN a statement Monday.
“Our hearts are grieving and broken but full of hope,” she wrote. “We know our mom and dad are experiencing fullness of joy in our heavenly Father’s presence. We already miss them terribly. Our parents left a legacy of faith in Jesus and generously loved their family and friends.”
Authorities are working on plans to repatriate the bodies of the deceased, and arrangements have been made to hand over their belongings to their representatives in the US, Rolle said.
Where does the investigation stand?
Foul play is not suspected in Friday’s deaths, Bahamian acting Prime Minister Chester Cooper has said.
Rolle declined to answer specific questions from reporters Monday about whether authorities are pursing specific leads, only saying several samples have been collected from the premises and their forensic examination should help determine if any chemicals were present.
A lab in Philadelphia assisting with toxicological examinations in conjunction with Bahamian pathologists and results could be available within seven days, according to Rolle.
The Department of Environmental Health Services was still on scene at the resort Monday, Rolle said.
The US State Department said in a news release, “We are closely monitoring local authorities’ investigation into the cause of death. We stand ready to provide all appropriate consular assistance.”
Sandals Resorts said in a statement to CNN Saturday, “Nothing is more important to Sandals Resorts than the safety of our guests,” and expressed “deep sadness” confirming the deaths.
The resort was working to “support both the investigation as well as the guests’ families in every way possible,” but could not disclose further information “out of respect for the privacy of our guests,” according to the statement.
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Advance care planning for guns: Owners can help ensure safe use, transfer of weaponsShutterstock
Photo Credit: Prath / Shutterstock
Over the past few years, the U.S. has seen sharply increasing levels of violent crime. After two decades of decreases beginning in the mid-1990s, incidents have begun to rise again. Within the last two years, the trend has become especially pronounced. FBI data recently showed a 5.6% increase in violent crime from 2019 to 2020, even as rates of property crime continued to decline. In the same year, the murder rate rose by around 30%, one of the largest year-over-year increases on record.
Guns are closely tied to this trend in the U.S. The U.S. has the highest rate of civilian gun ownership of any country, and researchers have found the prevalence of guns to be associated with greater amounts of violent crime and gun deaths generally. Given these dynamics, it is unsurprising to see that gun-related deaths have spiked in recent years during the broader increase in violent crime.
Recent data from the CDC reveals how this trend has played out. In 2014, there were only 3.5 gun-related homicides per 100,000 population. By 2016, that figure increased to 4.6, and in 2020, it jumped to 6.2. Separately, gun-related suicides have also increased in recent years—from a low of 5.5 per 100,000 population in 2006 to 7.0 in 2020—but this increase has been more gradual.
ShutterstockPhoto Credit: Prath / Shutterstock
Over the past few years, the U.S. has seen sharply increasing levels of violent crime. After two decades of decreases beginning in the mid-1990s, incidents have begun to rise again. Within the last two years, the trend has become especially pronounced. FBI data recently showed a 5.6% increase in violent crime from 2019 to 2020, even as rates of property crime continued to decline. In the same year, the murder rate rose by around 30%, one of the largest year-over-year increases on record.
Guns are closely tied to this trend in the U.S. The U.S. has the highest rate of civilian gun ownership of any country, and researchers have found the prevalence of guns to be associated with greater amounts of violent crime and gun deaths generally. Given these dynamics, it is unsurprising to see that gun-related deaths have spiked in recent years during the broader increase in violent crime.
Recent data from the CDC reveals how this trend has played out. In 2014, there were only 3.5 gun-related homicides per 100,000 population. By 2016, that figure increased to 4.6, and in 2020, it jumped to 6.2. Separately, gun-related suicides have also increased in recent years—from a low of 5.5 per 100,000 population in 2006 to 7.0 in 2020—but this increase has been more gradual.
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Advance care planning for guns: Owners can help ensure safe use, transfer of weapons
In total, 45,221 deaths in 2020 were gun-related, which is a 14% increase over the prior year and a 43% increase over a decade before. These gun-related deaths constitute a majority of both homicides and suicides. Over the past three years, more than three in four U.S. homicides (76.4%) involved a gun, while more than half of suicides (51.2%) were gun-related.
In total, 45,221 deaths in 2020 were gun-related, which is a 14% increase over the prior year and a 43% increase over a decade before. These gun-related deaths constitute a majority of both homicides and suicides. Over the past three years, more than three in four U.S. homicides (76.4%) involved a gun, while more than half of suicides (51.2%) were gun-related.
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Advance care planning for guns: Owners can help ensure safe use, transfer of weapons
While the overall growth of gun-related deaths is a nationwide issue, some locations are more affected than others. Many of the states with the highest rates of gun-related deaths are states that also have the highest rates of gun ownership. These states include locations in the South and Mountain West, along with Alaska. Mississippi leads the nation in gun-related fatalities per 100,000 residents at 28.6, followed by neighboring Louisiana at 26.3 and Wyoming at 25.9. At the other end of the spectrum, Hawaii has the lowest rate of gun-related fatalities at 3.4 per 100,000 residents, followed by a group of Northeastern states including Massachusetts (3.7) and New Jersey (5.0). However, gun ownership is not a perfect predictor of gun deaths: for example, states like New Hampshire and Maine have relatively high levels of gun prevalence, but are also in the bottom 10 states for gun deaths per capita.
While the overall growth of gun-related deaths is a nationwide issue, some locations are more affected than others. Many of the states with the highest rates of gun-related deaths are states that also have the highest rates of gun ownership. These states include locations in the South and Mountain West, along with Alaska. Mississippi leads the nation in gun-related fatalities per 100,000 residents at 28.6, followed by neighboring Louisiana at 26.3 and Wyoming at 25.9. At the other end of the spectrum, Hawaii has the lowest rate of gun-related fatalities at 3.4 per 100,000 residents, followed by a group of Northeastern states including Massachusetts (3.7) and New Jersey (5.0). However, gun ownership is not a perfect predictor of gun deaths: for example, states like New Hampshire and Maine have relatively high levels of gun prevalence, but are also in the bottom 10 states for gun deaths per capita.
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Advance care planning for guns: Owners can help ensure safe use, transfer of weapons
Gun-related deaths are also unevenly distributed at the local level. While some of the Southern and Western states with higher levels of gun fatalities do have counties with similarly high levels of gun deaths, many of the top counties are found in Rust Belt locations like Philadelphia, Indianapolis, and Detroit. These more economically distressed locations may have greater levels of gun violence due to the relationship between factors like social mobility and income inequality and gun deaths.
The data used in this analysis is from the CDC’s WONDER Database. To identify the locations with the most gun deaths, researchers at BackgroundChecks.org calculated the rates of gun-related deaths per 100,000 residents in 2020. In the event of a tie, the location with the greater total number of gun-related deaths in 2020 was ranked higher. To provide additional context, researchers also calculated the proportion of all homicides and suicides that involve a gun, using data from 2018–2020.
Here are the counties with the most gun deaths.
Gun-related deaths are also unevenly distributed at the local level. While some of the Southern and Western states with higher levels of gun fatalities do have counties with similarly high levels of gun deaths, many of the top counties are found in Rust Belt locations like Philadelphia, Indianapolis, and Detroit. These more economically distressed locations may have greater levels of gun violence due to the relationship between factors like social mobility and income inequality and gun deaths.
The data used in this analysis is from the CDC’s WONDER Database. To identify the locations with the most gun deaths, researchers at BackgroundChecks.org calculated the rates of gun-related deaths per 100,000 residents in 2020. In the event of a tie, the location with the greater total number of gun-related deaths in 2020 was ranked higher. To provide additional context, researchers also calculated the proportion of all homicides and suicides that involve a gun, using data from 2018–2020.
Here are the counties with the most gun deaths.
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Advance care planning for guns: Owners can help ensure safe use, transfer of weapons
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Advance care planning for guns: Owners can help ensure safe use, transfer of weaponsShutterstock
Photo Credit: Christopher May / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 19.0
- Total gun-related deaths: 145
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: -15.2%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 87.1%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 57.3%
ShutterstockPhoto Credit: Christopher May / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 19.0
- Total gun-related deaths: 145
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: -15.2%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 87.1%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 57.3%
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Advance care planning for guns: Owners can help ensure safe use, transfer of weaponsShutterstock
Photo Credit: Rudy Balasko / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 19.4
- Total gun-related deaths: 159
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +23.3%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 85.9%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 51.6%
ShutterstockPhoto Credit: Rudy Balasko / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 19.4
- Total gun-related deaths: 159
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +23.3%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 85.9%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 51.6%
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Advance care planning for guns: Owners can help ensure safe use, transfer of weaponsShutterstock
Photo Credit: RCole3 / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 19.5
- Total gun-related deaths: 207
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +1.5%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 69.4%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 60.7%
ShutterstockPhoto Credit: RCole3 / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 19.5
- Total gun-related deaths: 207
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +1.5%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 69.4%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 60.7%
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Advance care planning for guns: Owners can help ensure safe use, transfer of weaponsShutterstock
Photo Credit: Jonathan Siegel / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 20.4
- Total gun-related deaths: 1,040
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +45.7%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 87.2%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 33.5%
ShutterstockPhoto Credit: Jonathan Siegel / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 20.4
- Total gun-related deaths: 1,040
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +45.7%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 87.2%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 33.5%
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Advance care planning for guns: Owners can help ensure safe use, transfer of weaponsShutterstock
Photo Credit: Luciano Mortula – LGM / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 21.4
- Total gun-related deaths: 231
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +29.1%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 83.1%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 51.1%
ShutterstockPhoto Credit: Luciano Mortula – LGM / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 21.4
- Total gun-related deaths: 231
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +29.1%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 83.1%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 51.1%
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Advance care planning for guns: Owners can help ensure safe use, transfer of weaponsShutterstock
Photo Credit: Nick Fox / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 23.1
- Total gun-related deaths: 186
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +0.5%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 79.0%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 58.2%
ShutterstockPhoto Credit: Nick Fox / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 23.1
- Total gun-related deaths: 186
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +0.5%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 79.0%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 58.2%
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Advance care planning for guns: Owners can help ensure safe use, transfer of weaponsShutterstock
Photo Credit: The American Wanderer / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 24.3
- Total gun-related deaths: 298
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +29.6%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 82.1%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 48.6%
ShutterstockPhoto Credit: The American Wanderer / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 24.3
- Total gun-related deaths: 298
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +29.6%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 82.1%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 48.6%
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Advance care planning for guns: Owners can help ensure safe use, transfer of weaponsShutterstock
Photo Credit: Paul Brady Photography / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 25.6
- Total gun-related deaths: 242
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +69.2%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 82.3%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 42.3%
ShutterstockPhoto Credit: Paul Brady Photography / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 25.6
- Total gun-related deaths: 242
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +69.2%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 82.3%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 42.3%
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Advance care planning for guns: Owners can help ensure safe use, transfer of weaponsShutterstock
Photo Credit: CHARLES MORRA / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 25.6
- Total gun-related deaths: 247
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +14.4%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 83.1%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 56.6%
ShutterstockPhoto Credit: CHARLES MORRA / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 25.6
- Total gun-related deaths: 247
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +14.4%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 83.1%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 56.6%
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Advance care planning for guns: Owners can help ensure safe use, transfer of weaponsShutterstock
Photo Credit: Sergey Novikov / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 26.3
- Total gun-related deaths: 458
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +30.9%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 86.2%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 51.8%
ShutterstockPhoto Credit: Sergey Novikov / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 26.3
- Total gun-related deaths: 458
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +30.9%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 86.2%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 51.8%
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Advance care planning for guns: Owners can help ensure safe use, transfer of weaponsShutterstock
Photo Credit: Rudy Balasko / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 26.4
- Total gun-related deaths: 262
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +15.9%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 90.8%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 51.9%
ShutterstockPhoto Credit: Rudy Balasko / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 26.4
- Total gun-related deaths: 262
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +15.9%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 90.8%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 51.9%
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Advance care planning for guns: Owners can help ensure safe use, transfer of weaponsShutterstock
Photo Credit: Jonny Trego / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 31.0
- Total gun-related deaths: 238
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +65.3%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 89.2%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 53.0%
ShutterstockPhoto Credit: Jonny Trego / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 31.0
- Total gun-related deaths: 238
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +65.3%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 89.2%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 53.0%
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Advance care planning for guns: Owners can help ensure safe use, transfer of weaponsShutterstock
Photo Credit: Rudy Balasko / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 32.8
- Total gun-related deaths: 317
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +46.1%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 85.2%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 58.0%
ShutterstockPhoto Credit: Rudy Balasko / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 32.8
- Total gun-related deaths: 317
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +46.1%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 85.2%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 58.0%
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Advance care planning for guns: Owners can help ensure safe use, transfer of weaponsShutterstock
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 34.1
- Total gun-related deaths: 538
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +46.6%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 86.8%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 38.1%
ShutterstockPhoto Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 34.1
- Total gun-related deaths: 538
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +46.6%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 86.8%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 38.1%
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Advance care planning for guns: Owners can help ensure safe use, transfer of weaponsShutterstock
Photo Credit: The Speedy Butterfly / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 40.6
- Total gun-related deaths: 380
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +36.7%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 91.5%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 64.0%
ShutterstockPhoto Credit: The Speedy Butterfly / Shutterstock
- Total gun-related deaths per 100k: 40.6
- Total gun-related deaths: 380
- Change in gun-related deaths since 2019: +36.7%
- Gun-related homicides as a share of total homicides: 91.5%
- Gun-related suicides as a share of total suicides: 64.0%
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The 25 best true crime documentariesKasper Collin Produktion
True crime is having a moment as a highly sought-after genre in books, television, and film. Whether it's an exploration of a serial killer’s crimes or a tale of a spurned lover who gets revenge, and featured on big streamers from Netflix and Hulu to cable giants like HBO, the genre has found its way into the hearts and psyche of audiences everywhere. Film documentaries are one medium used to tell these horrifically awful and thoroughly interesting stories.
Stacker looked at the top-rated documentaries on Metacritic and ranked the top 25 true crime documentaries on the list. The films’ IMDb user ratings serve as a tiebreaker. To qualify, the film has to be about real crimes. From rampant war crimes to economy-crippling financial crimes to cold case murders, all kinds of crime were considered.
Whether it's a hostage situation gone wrong on a bus in Brazil, the hideous abuse of power by a doctor who treated young women, or the murder of a Black Panther party member, these stories get to the heart of the truth behind some of the most heinous crimes. They tell incredibly important tales that are difficult to imagine, and that are often hard to watch, and audiences can’t get enough of them.
Keep reading to discover the 25 highest-rated true crime documentaries.
You may also like: Mistakes from the 50 best movies of all time
Kasper Collin ProduktionTrue crime is having a moment as a highly sought-after genre in books, television, and film. Whether it's an exploration of a serial killer’s crimes or a tale of a spurned lover who gets revenge, and featured on big streamers from Netflix and Hulu to cable giants like HBO, the genre has found its way into the hearts and psyche of audiences everywhere. Film documentaries are one medium used to tell these horrifically awful and thoroughly interesting stories.
Stacker looked at the top-rated documentaries on Metacritic and ranked the top 25 true crime documentaries on the list. The films’ IMDb user ratings serve as a tiebreaker. To qualify, the film has to be about real crimes. From rampant war crimes to economy-crippling financial crimes to cold case murders, all kinds of crime were considered.
Whether it's a hostage situation gone wrong on a bus in Brazil, the hideous abuse of power by a doctor who treated young women, or the murder of a Black Panther party member, these stories get to the heart of the truth behind some of the most heinous crimes. They tell incredibly important tales that are difficult to imagine, and that are often hard to watch, and audiences can’t get enough of them.
Keep reading to discover the 25 highest-rated true crime documentaries.
You may also like: Mistakes from the 50 best movies of all time

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The 25 best true crime documentariesSunset Park Pictures
- Director: Nancy Schwartzman
- Metascore: 83
- IMDb user rating: 7.1
- Runtime: 80 minutes
“Roll Red Roll” examines the proverbial belief “boys will be boys,” rape culture, and the role of social media when it comes to teenage bullying. In Steubenville, Ohio, a teenage girl was assaulted by members of the high school football team, and this documentary explores the night it happened, at a pre-season football party, and the events that occurred as a result. Crime blogger Alexandria Goddard uncovered evidence on social media that led to the most disturbing aspects of the case, including the role of parents, teens, and teachers in covering up the crime.
Sunset Park Pictures- Director: Nancy Schwartzman
- Metascore: 83
- IMDb user rating: 7.1
- Runtime: 80 minutes
“Roll Red Roll” examines the proverbial belief “boys will be boys,” rape culture, and the role of social media when it comes to teenage bullying. In Steubenville, Ohio, a teenage girl was assaulted by members of the high school football team, and this documentary explores the night it happened, at a pre-season football party, and the events that occurred as a result. Crime blogger Alexandria Goddard uncovered evidence on social media that led to the most disturbing aspects of the case, including the role of parents, teens, and teachers in covering up the crime.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesZazen Produções
- Directors: José Padilha, Felipe Lacerda
- Metascore: 83
- IMDb user rating: 7.8
- Runtime: 122 minutes
This Brazilian documentary film marked the directorial debut of filmmakers José Padilha and Felipe Lacerda and examines how passengers on Bus 174 were held hostage in Rio de Janeiro by a man with a gun. The film focuses not only on the event but on the disturbing and tragic background of the offender, Sandro do Nascimento, and the flawed police response. Brazilian television aired the taking of Bus 174 live and the climactic ending event.
Zazen Produções- Directors: José Padilha, Felipe Lacerda
- Metascore: 83
- IMDb user rating: 7.8
- Runtime: 122 minutes
This Brazilian documentary film marked the directorial debut of filmmakers José Padilha and Felipe Lacerda and examines how passengers on Bus 174 were held hostage in Rio de Janeiro by a man with a gun. The film focuses not only on the event but on the disturbing and tragic background of the offender, Sandro do Nascimento, and the flawed police response. Brazilian television aired the taking of Bus 174 live and the climactic ending event.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesNetflix
- Director: Ava DuVernay
- Metascore: 83
- IMDb user rating: 8.2
- Runtime: 100 minutes
This Netflix original documentary focuses on the disproportionate amount of Black Americans who are incarcerated in the United States. Filmmaker Ava DuVernay touches upon the war on drugs, Emmett Till, the Civil Rights Movement, and chattel slavery to shine a light on the racial inequality inherent in the U.S. prison system. "13th" was nominated for an Oscar and won four Emmys, and is titled after the 13th amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which abolishes slavery except as a punishment for a crime.
Netflix- Director: Ava DuVernay
- Metascore: 83
- IMDb user rating: 8.2
- Runtime: 100 minutes
This Netflix original documentary focuses on the disproportionate amount of Black Americans who are incarcerated in the United States. Filmmaker Ava DuVernay touches upon the war on drugs, Emmett Till, the Civil Rights Movement, and chattel slavery to shine a light on the racial inequality inherent in the U.S. prison system. "13th" was nominated for an Oscar and won four Emmys, and is titled after the 13th amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which abolishes slavery except as a punishment for a crime.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesLafayette Films
- Directors: Nick Broomfield, Barney Broomfield, Marc Hoeferlin
- Metascore: 85
- IMDb user rating: 7.0
- Runtime: 110 minutes
A serial killer terrorized South Central Los Angeles for more than two decades, and the case remained unsolved until 2010 when Lonnie Franklin Jr. was identified as the Grim Sleeper, using DNA. Franklin was convicted of murdering 10 women and may have killed many more, though he died in San Quentin State Prison in 2020 while on death row. Director Nick Broomfield provides a thorough exploration of the case in this award-winning documentary.
Lafayette Films- Directors: Nick Broomfield, Barney Broomfield, Marc Hoeferlin
- Metascore: 85
- IMDb user rating: 7.0
- Runtime: 110 minutes
A serial killer terrorized South Central Los Angeles for more than two decades, and the case remained unsolved until 2010 when Lonnie Franklin Jr. was identified as the Grim Sleeper, using DNA. Franklin was convicted of murdering 10 women and may have killed many more, though he died in San Quentin State Prison in 2020 while on death row. Director Nick Broomfield provides a thorough exploration of the case in this award-winning documentary.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesActual Films
- Directors: Bonni Cohen, Jon Shenk
- Metascore: 85
- IMDb user rating: 7.6
- Runtime: 103 minutes
“Athlete A” focuses on Dr. Larry Nassar and the sexual abuse he subjected female gymnasts to as the team doctor for the women’s national gymnastics team. The Netflix documentary also brings the women and athletes who were Nassar’s victims to the forefront, allowing them to tell their stories. The Indianapolis Star reporters who broke the story also offer their insight.
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Actual Films- Directors: Bonni Cohen, Jon Shenk
- Metascore: 85
- IMDb user rating: 7.6
- Runtime: 103 minutes
“Athlete A” focuses on Dr. Larry Nassar and the sexual abuse he subjected female gymnasts to as the team doctor for the women’s national gymnastics team. The Netflix documentary also brings the women and athletes who were Nassar’s victims to the forefront, allowing them to tell their stories. The Indianapolis Star reporters who broke the story also offer their insight.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesRadical Media
- Directors: Joe Berlinger, Bruce Sinofsky
- Metascore: 85
- IMDb user rating: 8.1
- Runtime: 121 minutes
Nominated for Best Documentary Feature at the 84th Annual Academy Awards, "Paradise Lost 3: Purgatory" provides a further examination of The West Memphis Three. The film reveals how new DNA evidence made their exoneration and release on Aug. 19, 2011, possible.
Radical Media- Directors: Joe Berlinger, Bruce Sinofsky
- Metascore: 85
- IMDb user rating: 8.1
- Runtime: 121 minutes
Nominated for Best Documentary Feature at the 84th Annual Academy Awards, "Paradise Lost 3: Purgatory" provides a further examination of The West Memphis Three. The film reveals how new DNA evidence made their exoneration and release on Aug. 19, 2011, possible.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesNetflix
- Director: Yance Ford
- Metascore: 86
- IMDb user rating: 6.4
- Runtime: 107 minutes
Filmmaker Yance Ford tells the story of his brother, who was murdered at 24 by a white man who was later set free. Ford’s film is a portrait of a family that moved from the South to try to escape racism, worked hard to obtain the American dream, and was ultimately shattered by horrific and unimaginable loss. “Strong Island” was nominated for an Academy Award.
Netflix- Director: Yance Ford
- Metascore: 86
- IMDb user rating: 6.4
- Runtime: 107 minutes
Filmmaker Yance Ford tells the story of his brother, who was murdered at 24 by a white man who was later set free. Ford’s film is a portrait of a family that moved from the South to try to escape racism, worked hard to obtain the American dream, and was ultimately shattered by horrific and unimaginable loss. “Strong Island” was nominated for an Academy Award.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesThe Film Group
- Director: Howard Alk
- Metascore: 86
- IMDb user rating: 7.6
- Runtime: 88 minutes
Black Panther Party member and the leader of the Illinois Chapter Fred Hampton was murdered Dec. 4, 1969, by the Chicago police when they raided his apartment. This documentary examines Hampton’s murder and the investigation that followed it. Filmmaker Howard Alk also provides a look at Hampton himself, including his role in organizing the Chicago chapter of the Black Panther Party, his many speeches, and even the community programs he helped organize.
The Film Group- Director: Howard Alk
- Metascore: 86
- IMDb user rating: 7.6
- Runtime: 88 minutes
Black Panther Party member and the leader of the Illinois Chapter Fred Hampton was murdered Dec. 4, 1969, by the Chicago police when they raided his apartment. This documentary examines Hampton’s murder and the investigation that followed it. Filmmaker Howard Alk also provides a look at Hampton himself, including his role in organizing the Chicago chapter of the Black Panther Party, his many speeches, and even the community programs he helped organize.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesDisarming Films
- Director: Amy Berg
- Metascore: 86
- IMDb user rating: 7.9
- Runtime: 101 minutes
Amy Berg documents the relocation of Father Oliver O'Grady to Catholic parishes around Los Angeles in the 1970s. This was a deliberate move by the church to cover up O’Grady’s role in the rape of children. The documentary also explores the Catholic Church’s handling of the sexual abuse of children, and the audience hears from victims, experts, and O’Grady himself.
Disarming Films- Director: Amy Berg
- Metascore: 86
- IMDb user rating: 7.9
- Runtime: 101 minutes
Amy Berg documents the relocation of Father Oliver O'Grady to Catholic parishes around Los Angeles in the 1970s. This was a deliberate move by the church to cover up O’Grady’s role in the rape of children. The documentary also explores the Catholic Church’s handling of the sexual abuse of children, and the audience hears from victims, experts, and O’Grady himself.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesSony Pictures Entertainment
- Director: Errol Morris
- Metascore: 87
- IMDb user rating: 8.1
- Runtime: 107 minutes
“I think the human race needs to think more about killing. How much evil must we do in order to do good?” so asks former Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, who served under both John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, in this critically acclaimed documentary by award-winning filmmaker Errol Morris. Morris uses archival footage and allows McNamara to share his views on modern warfare and the controversial role he played in its history. “The Fog of War” won an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.
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Sony Pictures Entertainment- Director: Errol Morris
- Metascore: 87
- IMDb user rating: 8.1
- Runtime: 107 minutes
“I think the human race needs to think more about killing. How much evil must we do in order to do good?” so asks former Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, who served under both John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, in this critically acclaimed documentary by award-winning filmmaker Errol Morris. Morris uses archival footage and allows McNamara to share his views on modern warfare and the controversial role he played in its history. “The Fog of War” won an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesHulu
- Director: Stephen T. Maing
- Metascore: 88
- IMDb user rating: 7.4
- Runtime: 112 minutes
This Hulu documentary is about the NYPD 12, a group of whistleblowers, and how they came forward to expose the corrupt practices surrounding illegal quotas for arrests and summons issued mainly to minorities. Writing for Collider, Matt Goldberg says of “Crime + Punishment“ and its filmmaker, “Maing, with the help of his brave subjects and the damning evidence they collect, breaks down how racist outcomes are the result of tribalism, bureaucracy, and money.”
Hulu- Director: Stephen T. Maing
- Metascore: 88
- IMDb user rating: 7.4
- Runtime: 112 minutes
This Hulu documentary is about the NYPD 12, a group of whistleblowers, and how they came forward to expose the corrupt practices surrounding illegal quotas for arrests and summons issued mainly to minorities. Writing for Collider, Matt Goldberg says of “Crime + Punishment“ and its filmmaker, “Maing, with the help of his brave subjects and the damning evidence they collect, breaks down how racist outcomes are the result of tribalism, bureaucracy, and money.”
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The 25 best true crime documentaries40 Acres & A Mule Filmworks
- Director: Spike Lee
- Metascore: 88
- IMDb user rating: 7.8
- Runtime: 102 minutes
“4 Little Girls” focuses on the 1963 church bombing that claimed the lives of four Black children in Alabama. Filmmaker Spike Lee examines the events leading up to the bombing, which served as a wake-up call to the nation during the Civil Rights Movement. The film received an Oscar nomination for Best Documentary Feature.
40 Acres & A Mule Filmworks- Director: Spike Lee
- Metascore: 88
- IMDb user rating: 7.8
- Runtime: 102 minutes
“4 Little Girls” focuses on the 1963 church bombing that claimed the lives of four Black children in Alabama. Filmmaker Spike Lee examines the events leading up to the bombing, which served as a wake-up call to the nation during the Civil Rights Movement. The film received an Oscar nomination for Best Documentary Feature.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesRadius-TWC
- Director: Laura Poitras
- Metascore: 88
- IMDb user rating: 8.0
- Runtime: 114 minutes
Former computer intelligence consultant Edward Snowden is the subject of “Citizenfour.” Snowden's leaking of classified documents from the National Security Agency, for whom he worked, prompted a serious examination of civil liberties in the U.S. Filmmaker Laura Poitras met with Snowden after he sent her encrypted emails about the covert surveillance programs run by the U.S. government.
Radius-TWC- Director: Laura Poitras
- Metascore: 88
- IMDb user rating: 8.0
- Runtime: 114 minutes
Former computer intelligence consultant Edward Snowden is the subject of “Citizenfour.” Snowden's leaking of classified documents from the National Security Agency, for whom he worked, prompted a serious examination of civil liberties in the U.S. Filmmaker Laura Poitras met with Snowden after he sent her encrypted emails about the covert surveillance programs run by the U.S. government.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesSony Pictures Classics
- Director: Charles Ferguson
- Metascore: 88
- IMDb user rating: 8.2
- Runtime: 109 minutes
Writing for the Boston Globe, Wesley Morris calls “Inside Job,” “scarier than anything Wes Craven and John Carpenter have ever made.” The documentary, narrated by actor Matt Damon, focuses on the 2008 financial crisis and the events and circumstances that led up to and caused it. Interviews with politicians, journalists, and financial insiders, alongside research, provide a thorough look at one of the greatest financial disasters since the Great Depression.
Sony Pictures Classics- Director: Charles Ferguson
- Metascore: 88
- IMDb user rating: 8.2
- Runtime: 109 minutes
Writing for the Boston Globe, Wesley Morris calls “Inside Job,” “scarier than anything Wes Craven and John Carpenter have ever made.” The documentary, narrated by actor Matt Damon, focuses on the 2008 financial crisis and the events and circumstances that led up to and caused it. Interviews with politicians, journalists, and financial insiders, alongside research, provide a thorough look at one of the greatest financial disasters since the Great Depression.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesBoynton Films Production
- Director: Rachel Boynton
- Metascore: 90
- IMDb user rating: 7.2
- Runtime: 99 minutes
Kosmos Energy, a Texas-based oil company, finds a first in Ghana, a commercial oil field. This storyline is juxtaposed with the filming of a militant gang in Nigeria who see the other side of oil and the ways it can serve those who are hungry and poor. “Big Men” was nominated for several News & Documentary Emmy Awards.
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Boynton Films Production- Director: Rachel Boynton
- Metascore: 90
- IMDb user rating: 7.2
- Runtime: 99 minutes
Kosmos Energy, a Texas-based oil company, finds a first in Ghana, a commercial oil field. This storyline is juxtaposed with the filming of a militant gang in Nigeria who see the other side of oil and the ways it can serve those who are hungry and poor. “Big Men” was nominated for several News & Documentary Emmy Awards.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesKasper Collin Produktion
- Director: Kasper Collin
- Metascore: 90
- IMDb user rating: 7.3
- Runtime: 92 minutes
Jazz musician Lee Morgan struggled through heroin addiction with the help of his common-law wife Helen Morgan, who would also be implicated in his 1972 murder. “I Called Him Morgan” does a deep dive into their relationship and includes commentary from those who knew Lee Morgan best, as well as archival material. Helen Morgan shot the great trumpet player while he was performing onstage at a Manhattan club.
Kasper Collin Produktion- Director: Kasper Collin
- Metascore: 90
- IMDb user rating: 7.3
- Runtime: 92 minutes
Jazz musician Lee Morgan struggled through heroin addiction with the help of his common-law wife Helen Morgan, who would also be implicated in his 1972 murder. “I Called Him Morgan” does a deep dive into their relationship and includes commentary from those who knew Lee Morgan best, as well as archival material. Helen Morgan shot the great trumpet player while he was performing onstage at a Manhattan club.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesMagnolia Pictures
- Director: Andrew Jarecki
- Metascore: 90
- IMDb user rating: 7.7
- Runtime: 107 minutes
“Capturing the Friedmans” follows the trial of a father and son from an upper-middle-class family who were arrested on charges of sexual abuse and child molestation. The Oscar-nominated documentary caused a bit of a stir because some of the victims were upset with what they believed was ambiguity on the part of filmmaker Andrew Jarecki, and distortion of the facts.
Magnolia Pictures- Director: Andrew Jarecki
- Metascore: 90
- IMDb user rating: 7.7
- Runtime: 107 minutes
“Capturing the Friedmans” follows the trial of a father and son from an upper-middle-class family who were arrested on charges of sexual abuse and child molestation. The Oscar-nominated documentary caused a bit of a stir because some of the victims were upset with what they believed was ambiguity on the part of filmmaker Andrew Jarecki, and distortion of the facts.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesARTE
- Director: Rithy Panh
- Metascore: 91
- IMDb user rating: 6.5
- Runtime: 115 minutes
In filmmaker Rithy Panh’s latest exploration of the Cambodian genocide that took place during the country’s civil war, a teenage boy goes on a mission to find the graves of the family he’s lost. Panh lost his own family under the rule of the Khmer Rouge government and was the only survivor. A documentary Panh made based on his past under the Khmer Rouge, called “The Missing Picture,” was told using clay figures and archival footage and was the first film from the country to win an Oscar nomination.
ARTE- Director: Rithy Panh
- Metascore: 91
- IMDb user rating: 6.5
- Runtime: 115 minutes
In filmmaker Rithy Panh’s latest exploration of the Cambodian genocide that took place during the country’s civil war, a teenage boy goes on a mission to find the graves of the family he’s lost. Panh lost his own family under the rule of the Khmer Rouge government and was the only survivor. A documentary Panh made based on his past under the Khmer Rouge, called “The Missing Picture,” was told using clay figures and archival footage and was the first film from the country to win an Oscar nomination.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesConcordia Studio
- Director: Garrett Bradley
- Metascore: 91
- IMDb user rating: 6.9
- Runtime: 81 minutes
Fox Rich and her husband Rob committed a robbery in the 1990s, and he remains in prison. The mother of six continues to fight for Rob’s release. Director Garrett Bradley uses a combination of video diaries made by Fox to her husband and a portrait of her daily life for this Oscar-nominated documentary.
Concordia Studio- Director: Garrett Bradley
- Metascore: 91
- IMDb user rating: 6.9
- Runtime: 81 minutes
Fox Rich and her husband Rob committed a robbery in the 1990s, and he remains in prison. The mother of six continues to fight for Rob’s release. Director Garrett Bradley uses a combination of video diaries made by Fox to her husband and a portrait of her daily life for this Oscar-nominated documentary.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesDrafthouse Films
- Directors: Joshua Oppenheimer, Christine Cynn, Anonymous
- Metascore: 91
- IMDb user rating: 8.2
- Runtime: 117 minutes
This film focuses on the torturers in the Indonesian mass killings in the 1960s. The death squads recreated their hideous acts from decades before for the camera, after filmmaker Joshua Oppenheimer turned his lens from the victims and survivors to the killers after the local authorities interfered. Legendary documentarians Werner Herzog and Errol Morris served as executive producers.
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Drafthouse Films- Directors: Joshua Oppenheimer, Christine Cynn, Anonymous
- Metascore: 91
- IMDb user rating: 8.2
- Runtime: 117 minutes
This film focuses on the torturers in the Indonesian mass killings in the 1960s. The death squads recreated their hideous acts from decades before for the camera, after filmmaker Joshua Oppenheimer turned his lens from the victims and survivors to the killers after the local authorities interfered. Legendary documentarians Werner Herzog and Errol Morris served as executive producers.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesLincoln Square Productions
- Director: John Ridley
- Metascore: 92
- IMDb user rating: 7.8
- Runtime: 144 minutes
“Let It Fall: Los Angeles 1982-1992” examines the cultural climate in L.A. in the decade leading up to the riots that broke out after four police officers were acquitted of beating Rodney King. Director John Ridley meticulously ties the details together while landing stunning interviews.
Lincoln Square Productions- Director: John Ridley
- Metascore: 92
- IMDb user rating: 7.8
- Runtime: 144 minutes
“Let It Fall: Los Angeles 1982-1992” examines the cultural climate in L.A. in the decade leading up to the riots that broke out after four police officers were acquitted of beating Rodney King. Director John Ridley meticulously ties the details together while landing stunning interviews.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesGo-Valley
- Director: Keith Maitland
- Metascore: 92
- IMDb user rating: 7.9
- Runtime: 82 minutes
Based on an article by Pamela Colloff, "Tower" uses testimony, archival footage, and animation to tell the story of shootings at the University of Texas on Aug. 1, 1966. On that day, a gunman named Charles Whitman, who was an architectural engineering major, opened fire, shooting at students from the university clock tower. He killed 16 people over the course of 96 minutes.
Go-Valley- Director: Keith Maitland
- Metascore: 92
- IMDb user rating: 7.9
- Runtime: 82 minutes
Based on an article by Pamela Colloff, "Tower" uses testimony, archival footage, and animation to tell the story of shootings at the University of Texas on Aug. 1, 1966. On that day, a gunman named Charles Whitman, who was an architectural engineering major, opened fire, shooting at students from the university clock tower. He killed 16 people over the course of 96 minutes.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesBritdoc Foundation
- Director: Joshua Oppenheimer
- Metascore: 92
- IMDb user rating: 8.3
- Runtime: 103 minutes
Like its companion film “The Act of Killing,” this film focuses on the mass killings in Indonesia in the 1960s. This time the lens is turned on a family who survived and their confrontation of the men who killed one of their own, a brother. The youngest son in the family is an optometrist who stages a confrontation during an eye exam.
Britdoc Foundation- Director: Joshua Oppenheimer
- Metascore: 92
- IMDb user rating: 8.3
- Runtime: 103 minutes
Like its companion film “The Act of Killing,” this film focuses on the mass killings in Indonesia in the 1960s. This time the lens is turned on a family who survived and their confrontation of the men who killed one of their own, a brother. The youngest son in the family is an optometrist who stages a confrontation during an eye exam.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesAmerican Playhouse
- Directors: Joe Berlinger, Bruce Sinofsky
- Metascore: 93
- IMDb user rating: 7.5
- Runtime: 104 minutes
Winner of the Sundance Audience Award, “Brother’s Keeper” follows Delbert Ward as he goes on trial for the murder of his brother in a rural area in upstate New York. The death may have been a mercy killing. While the Wards were originally considered outcasts, the people of Munnsville, New York come together to support them.
American Playhouse- Directors: Joe Berlinger, Bruce Sinofsky
- Metascore: 93
- IMDb user rating: 7.5
- Runtime: 104 minutes
Winner of the Sundance Audience Award, “Brother’s Keeper” follows Delbert Ward as he goes on trial for the murder of his brother in a rural area in upstate New York. The death may have been a mercy killing. While the Wards were originally considered outcasts, the people of Munnsville, New York come together to support them.
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The 25 best true crime documentariesAlexander Nanau Production
- Director: Alexander Nanau
- Metascore: 95
- IMDb user rating: 8.2
- Runtime: 109 minutes
"Collective" was included on the 2021 Academy Award shortlist for Best Documentary Feature. After a nightclub fire in Bucharest, a doctor who treats the surviving burn victims realizes many of them are dying from non-life-threatening injuries and blows the whistle to journalists. This prompts the investigative journalists to explore and eventually expose scandal and political corruption, including health care fraud, behind what seem like unrelated events.
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Alexander Nanau Production- Director: Alexander Nanau
- Metascore: 95
- IMDb user rating: 8.2
- Runtime: 109 minutes
"Collective" was included on the 2021 Academy Award shortlist for Best Documentary Feature. After a nightclub fire in Bucharest, a doctor who treats the surviving burn victims realizes many of them are dying from non-life-threatening injuries and blows the whistle to journalists. This prompts the investigative journalists to explore and eventually expose scandal and political corruption, including health care fraud, behind what seem like unrelated events.
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Americans lost over $4.2 billion to cybercrime in 2020. Here’s how to keep yourself safeCanva
Cybercrimes continue to grow in number. The FBI's Internet Crime Complaints Center (IC3), founded in 2000, received an astounding number of complaints in 2020: 791,790. The loss associated with these complaints was staggering, coming in excess of $4.1 billion.
To help provide a clear picture of cybercrime and its impact, Twingate looked at data from the FBI’s IC3. The top-10 crime types with the highest monetary losses were selected from the FBI's Internet Crime Complaints Center’s (IC3) Internet Crime Report 2020. The number of total victims was also included for each of the 10 crime types.
An IC3 analyst reviews and categorizes each of these complaints. The top cybercrime reported to the IC3 in 2020 was phishing/vishing/smishing/pharming. There was a significant amount of fraud around the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act). The age group with the highest rate of victimization, according to the number of complaints, were those over 60 with 105,301, with a total loss of $966,062,236.
While cybercrime is extremely prevalent, continued awareness surrounding online activities remains critical to protect yourself. Read on to find out more about the top cybercrimes in 2020 and what steps you can take to stay safe.
CanvaCybercrimes continue to grow in number. The FBI's Internet Crime Complaints Center (IC3), founded in 2000, received an astounding number of complaints in 2020: 791,790. The loss associated with these complaints was staggering, coming in excess of $4.1 billion.
To help provide a clear picture of cybercrime and its impact, Twingate looked at data from the FBI’s IC3. The top-10 crime types with the highest monetary losses were selected from the FBI's Internet Crime Complaints Center’s (IC3) Internet Crime Report 2020. The number of total victims was also included for each of the 10 crime types.
An IC3 analyst reviews and categorizes each of these complaints. The top cybercrime reported to the IC3 in 2020 was phishing/vishing/smishing/pharming. There was a significant amount of fraud around the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act). The age group with the highest rate of victimization, according to the number of complaints, were those over 60 with 105,301, with a total loss of $966,062,236.
While cybercrime is extremely prevalent, continued awareness surrounding online activities remains critical to protect yourself. Read on to find out more about the top cybercrimes in 2020 and what steps you can take to stay safe.

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Americans lost over $4.2 billion to cybercrime in 2020. Here’s how to keep yourself safeCanva
- Total loss in 2020: $129,820,792
- Total victims in 2020: 17,614
According to the FBI, “Credit card fraud is the unauthorized use of a credit or debit card, or similar payment tool (ACH, EFT, recurring charge, etc.), to fraudulently obtain money or property.” Criminals can gain access to credit and debit card information in identity theft schemes or by stealing them from websites that aren’t secure. Anyone can be targeted when it comes to credit card fraud.
A digital payment survey by American Express found 42% of consumers reported having been a victim of credit card fraud with someone attempting to use their credit card or other payment information. Protection comes with vigilance and taking steps like only purchasing from reputable sources and ensuring transactions are secure when sending credit card information via the internet. Other steps to protect yourself include not sharing credit card numbers, reviewing your monthly credit card bill, setting up text alerts on your phone so you receive reports of suspicious credit card activity, and trusting your instincts—if something appears too good to be true, it probably is.
Canva- Total loss in 2020: $129,820,792
- Total victims in 2020: 17,614
According to the FBI, “Credit card fraud is the unauthorized use of a credit or debit card, or similar payment tool (ACH, EFT, recurring charge, etc.), to fraudulently obtain money or property.” Criminals can gain access to credit and debit card information in identity theft schemes or by stealing them from websites that aren’t secure. Anyone can be targeted when it comes to credit card fraud.
A digital payment survey by American Express found 42% of consumers reported having been a victim of credit card fraud with someone attempting to use their credit card or other payment information. Protection comes with vigilance and taking steps like only purchasing from reputable sources and ensuring transactions are secure when sending credit card information via the internet. Other steps to protect yourself include not sharing credit card numbers, reviewing your monthly credit card bill, setting up text alerts on your phone so you receive reports of suspicious credit card activity, and trusting your instincts—if something appears too good to be true, it probably is.
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Americans lost over $4.2 billion to cybercrime in 2020. Here’s how to keep yourself safeRocketclips, Inc. // Shutterstock
- Total loss in 2020: $146,477,709
- Total victims in 2020: 15,421
This type of fraud can occur when a tech support scammer reaches out to offer services to protect or fix your computer. They may try to entice consumers to click on pop-ups that warn of security issues and provide a phone number to call. They may also ask for access to your computer or credit card information.
According to the Internet Crime Report 2020, at least 66% of the victims of this type of fraud were over the age of 60. The best way to protect yourself from this type of scam is to ignore pop-ups and avoid calling any numbers, restarting your computer, or clicking on any links. They could contain malware that allows scammers to access your computer or credit card information.
Rocketclips, Inc. // Shutterstock- Total loss in 2020: $146,477,709
- Total victims in 2020: 15,421
This type of fraud can occur when a tech support scammer reaches out to offer services to protect or fix your computer. They may try to entice consumers to click on pop-ups that warn of security issues and provide a phone number to call. They may also ask for access to your computer or credit card information.
According to the Internet Crime Report 2020, at least 66% of the victims of this type of fraud were over the age of 60. The best way to protect yourself from this type of scam is to ignore pop-ups and avoid calling any numbers, restarting your computer, or clicking on any links. They could contain malware that allows scammers to access your computer or credit card information.
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Americans lost over $4.2 billion to cybercrime in 2020. Here’s how to keep yourself safeCanva
- Total loss in 2020: $194,473,055
- Total victims in 2020: 45,330
A personal data breach is a security breach where protected, sensitive, or confidential information is transmitted, processed, stolen, or viewed by an individual or party who is not authorized to do so. Many types of personal information can be compromised in a breach such as credit card information, email addresses, and other sensitive information. Data breaches can happen when a hacker accesses a computer and steals files, through ransomware or malware attacks, phishing scams, or denial of service.
Preventing a personal breach is possible though. Creating complex passwords and changing them frequently, setting up account alerts, using multifactor authentication, and shopping with a credit card are all helpful steps to prevent such breaches and to keep your personal information safe.
Canva- Total loss in 2020: $194,473,055
- Total victims in 2020: 45,330
A personal data breach is a security breach where protected, sensitive, or confidential information is transmitted, processed, stolen, or viewed by an individual or party who is not authorized to do so. Many types of personal information can be compromised in a breach such as credit card information, email addresses, and other sensitive information. Data breaches can happen when a hacker accesses a computer and steals files, through ransomware or malware attacks, phishing scams, or denial of service.
Preventing a personal breach is possible though. Creating complex passwords and changing them frequently, setting up account alerts, using multifactor authentication, and shopping with a credit card are all helpful steps to prevent such breaches and to keep your personal information safe.
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Americans lost over $4.2 billion to cybercrime in 2020. Here’s how to keep yourself safeCanva
- Total loss in 2020: $213,196,082
- Total victims in 2020: 13,638
Loan flipping is a predatory practice that happens when a lender convinces a homeowner to repeatedly refinance their mortgage, accruing high fees and points with each refinance. It is just one type of real estate fraud to watch out for. Escrow wire fraud, rental scams, moving scams, and foreclosure relief also qualify as real estate fraud.
Homebuyers and real estate agents should be especially diligent. Keep personal information secure, use licensed lenders and realtors for all transactions, never pay upfront fees for home services, and educate yourself on how to spot a scam. Be aware of anyone pressuring you to make quick decisions, and be wary of improper documentation and requests for wire transfers of large sums of money.
Canva- Total loss in 2020: $213,196,082
- Total victims in 2020: 13,638
Loan flipping is a predatory practice that happens when a lender convinces a homeowner to repeatedly refinance their mortgage, accruing high fees and points with each refinance. It is just one type of real estate fraud to watch out for. Escrow wire fraud, rental scams, moving scams, and foreclosure relief also qualify as real estate fraud.
Homebuyers and real estate agents should be especially diligent. Keep personal information secure, use licensed lenders and realtors for all transactions, never pay upfront fees for home services, and educate yourself on how to spot a scam. Be aware of anyone pressuring you to make quick decisions, and be wary of improper documentation and requests for wire transfers of large sums of money.
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Americans lost over $4.2 billion to cybercrime in 2020. Here’s how to keep yourself safeCanva
- Total loss in 2020: $216,513,728
- Total victims in 2020: 28,218
Spoofing occurs when a cybercriminal attempts to present themselves as another person, company, or entity, such as a trusted source like a bank, to gain access to personal information or commit other malicious acts. They can do this in a variety of ways from spoofing websites, phone numbers, and email addresses to spoofing Domain Name Servers (DNS), Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), or IP addresses.
To detect website spoofing, make sure the website uses the HTTPS encryption prefix and includes a padlock, and look for errors in spelling or broken links, or suspicious contact information. Email spoofing can also be detected by looking for errors or suspicious-looking attachments or links, which should not be clicked. Protecting yourself from this type of cybercrime means remaining aware, regularly changing passwords, calling and following up before submitting personal information online, and avoiding opening attachments or clicking on links that appear suspicious.
Canva- Total loss in 2020: $216,513,728
- Total victims in 2020: 28,218
Spoofing occurs when a cybercriminal attempts to present themselves as another person, company, or entity, such as a trusted source like a bank, to gain access to personal information or commit other malicious acts. They can do this in a variety of ways from spoofing websites, phone numbers, and email addresses to spoofing Domain Name Servers (DNS), Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), or IP addresses.
To detect website spoofing, make sure the website uses the HTTPS encryption prefix and includes a padlock, and look for errors in spelling or broken links, or suspicious contact information. Email spoofing can also be detected by looking for errors or suspicious-looking attachments or links, which should not be clicked. Protecting yourself from this type of cybercrime means remaining aware, regularly changing passwords, calling and following up before submitting personal information online, and avoiding opening attachments or clicking on links that appear suspicious.
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Americans lost over $4.2 billion to cybercrime in 2020. Here’s how to keep yourself safeREDPIXEL.PL. // Shutterstock
- Total loss in 2020: $219,484,699
- Total victims in 2020: 43,330
Identity thieves steal personal information using various methods, including malware, social engineering, and phishing. Once they have this information, they take over the person’s identity and conduct malicious and fraudulent activities like applying for jobs, and opening credit cards and other accounts, in that person’s name.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, unemployment benefits were a target for identity thieves. There are several types of identity theft including tax, financial, medical, senior, employment, and even child. Protection comes with awareness, and there are several simple steps people can take to stay safe. Monitor your credit, use passwords that are not easy to guess and change them often, use security software on your computer, and use a digital wallet.
REDPIXEL.PL. // Shutterstock- Total loss in 2020: $219,484,699
- Total victims in 2020: 43,330
Identity thieves steal personal information using various methods, including malware, social engineering, and phishing. Once they have this information, they take over the person’s identity and conduct malicious and fraudulent activities like applying for jobs, and opening credit cards and other accounts, in that person’s name.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, unemployment benefits were a target for identity thieves. There are several types of identity theft including tax, financial, medical, senior, employment, and even child. Protection comes with awareness, and there are several simple steps people can take to stay safe. Monitor your credit, use passwords that are not easy to guess and change them often, use security software on your computer, and use a digital wallet.
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Americans lost over $4.2 billion to cybercrime in 2020. Here’s how to keep yourself safeCanva
- Total loss in 2020: $265,011,249
- Total victims in 2020: 108,869
These cyberscams were the second most reported crime, according to the FBI’s IC3. Non-delivery occurs when paid-for items aren’t received. Non-payment occurs when items aren’t paid for even though they have been shipped.
Avoid getting caught in these types of scams by securing tracking numbers when ordering online, only buying from reputable websites that utilize the HTTPS encryption prefix, being cautious when purchasing merchandise from outside your country, using credit cards to pay for things online—and making sure to always check credit card statements. Experts suggest using extra caution online during the holidays.
Canva- Total loss in 2020: $265,011,249
- Total victims in 2020: 108,869
These cyberscams were the second most reported crime, according to the FBI’s IC3. Non-delivery occurs when paid-for items aren’t received. Non-payment occurs when items aren’t paid for even though they have been shipped.
Avoid getting caught in these types of scams by securing tracking numbers when ordering online, only buying from reputable websites that utilize the HTTPS encryption prefix, being cautious when purchasing merchandise from outside your country, using credit cards to pay for things online—and making sure to always check credit card statements. Experts suggest using extra caution online during the holidays.
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Americans lost over $4.2 billion to cybercrime in 2020. Here’s how to keep yourself safeJacob Lund // Shutterstock
- Total loss in 2020: $336,469,000
- Total victims in 2020: 8,788
The illegal or purported sale of financial instruments is considered investment fraud, according to the FBI. Ponzi schemes, pyramid schemes, advance fee schemes, and market manipulation are all types of investment fraud. Scammers often target elderly people—particularly older men who take risks—because they tend to have pensions and other retirement plans, according to a research study by AARP. Affinity fraud is another type of investment scam that targets members of specific groups like ethnic or religious communities.
To protect yourself and your investments, do your research and only work with companies and professionals that are legitimate. When dealing with countries outside of the one you live in, be cautious, make sure to understand terms and conditions, and do not be afraid to ask questions.
Jacob Lund // Shutterstock- Total loss in 2020: $336,469,000
- Total victims in 2020: 8,788
The illegal or purported sale of financial instruments is considered investment fraud, according to the FBI. Ponzi schemes, pyramid schemes, advance fee schemes, and market manipulation are all types of investment fraud. Scammers often target elderly people—particularly older men who take risks—because they tend to have pensions and other retirement plans, according to a research study by AARP. Affinity fraud is another type of investment scam that targets members of specific groups like ethnic or religious communities.
To protect yourself and your investments, do your research and only work with companies and professionals that are legitimate. When dealing with countries outside of the one you live in, be cautious, make sure to understand terms and conditions, and do not be afraid to ask questions.
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Americans lost over $4.2 billion to cybercrime in 2020. Here’s how to keep yourself safeGaudiLab // Shutterstock
- Total loss in 2020: $600,249,821
- Total victims in 2020: 23,751
Confidence fraud finds a scammer assuming an online identity to befriend someone or forge a personal connection. The scammer can gain the victim’s trust over months or years before attempting to access their bank account or other personal information, or ask them for money or gifts. One such scam involves an offer of free money. Elderly people are a common target for such scams, according to the FBI, who believe that this may be due to their trusting nature, their potential financial savings, and the fact they often don’t report the crime because they don’t know how to or they are ashamed.
Never give financial information to anyone you haven’t met face-to-face or whom you’ve only met online, and take the time to check out whether the person connecting with you is legitimate. One way to do this is by performing a reverse image search on photos.
GaudiLab // Shutterstock- Total loss in 2020: $600,249,821
- Total victims in 2020: 23,751
Confidence fraud finds a scammer assuming an online identity to befriend someone or forge a personal connection. The scammer can gain the victim’s trust over months or years before attempting to access their bank account or other personal information, or ask them for money or gifts. One such scam involves an offer of free money. Elderly people are a common target for such scams, according to the FBI, who believe that this may be due to their trusting nature, their potential financial savings, and the fact they often don’t report the crime because they don’t know how to or they are ashamed.
Never give financial information to anyone you haven’t met face-to-face or whom you’ve only met online, and take the time to check out whether the person connecting with you is legitimate. One way to do this is by performing a reverse image search on photos.
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Americans lost over $4.2 billion to cybercrime in 2020. Here’s how to keep yourself safeCanva
- Total loss in 2020: $1,866,642,107
- Total victims in 2020: 19,369
Weak passwords, clicking on malicious links, or downloading a file or app you shouldn't can lead to a compromised email—as can phishing scams or forgetting to log out on a shared computer. A hacked email also increases the risk for other types of fraud like credit card or bank account fraud or identity theft. Once your email is compromised, hackers can take over and log you out of your own email or use your email to send spam or other malicious content to your email contacts or to access accounts.
Criminals target both businesses and individuals in this type of scam, but there are several steps to prevent a compromised email. Make sure to log out of your email account everywhere, especially on public computers. Block phishing and spoofing attempts by typing a website’s URL instead of entering through an email link, use caution at public hotspots, and don’t log into email or other unsecured sites. Additionally, never open email attachments that appear suspicious or that are from people you do not know.
This story originally appeared on Twingate and was produced and distributed in partnership with Stacker Studio.
Canva- Total loss in 2020: $1,866,642,107
- Total victims in 2020: 19,369
Weak passwords, clicking on malicious links, or downloading a file or app you shouldn't can lead to a compromised email—as can phishing scams or forgetting to log out on a shared computer. A hacked email also increases the risk for other types of fraud like credit card or bank account fraud or identity theft. Once your email is compromised, hackers can take over and log you out of your own email or use your email to send spam or other malicious content to your email contacts or to access accounts.
Criminals target both businesses and individuals in this type of scam, but there are several steps to prevent a compromised email. Make sure to log out of your email account everywhere, especially on public computers. Block phishing and spoofing attempts by typing a website’s URL instead of entering through an email link, use caution at public hotspots, and don’t log into email or other unsecured sites. Additionally, never open email attachments that appear suspicious or that are from people you do not know.
This story originally appeared on Twingate and was produced and distributed in partnership with Stacker Studio.