Benedict XVI, first pope to retire in 600 years, dies at 95

VATICAN CITY — Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI, the shy German theologian who tried to reawaken Christianity in a secularized Europe but will forever be remembered as the first pontiff in 600 years to resign from the job, died Saturday. He was 95.

<p>Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI arrives in St. Peter's Square at the Vatican on Oct. 19, 2014, to attend the beatification ceremony of Pope Paul VI and a Mass for the closing of a two-week synod on family issues, celebrated by Pope Francis.</p>

Andrew Medichini, Associated Press

Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI arrives in St. Peter's Square at the Vatican on Oct. 19, 2014, to attend the beatification ceremony of Pope Paul VI and a Mass for the closing of a two-week synod on family issues, celebrated by Pope Francis.

Benedict stunned the world on Feb. 11, 2013, when he announced, in his typical, soft-spoken Latin, that he no longer had the strength to run the 1.2 billion-strong Catholic Church that he had steered for eight years through scandal and indifference.

His dramatic decision paved the way for the conclave that elected Francis as his successor. The two popes then lived side by side in the Vatican gardens, an unprecedented arrangement that set the stage for future “popes emeritus” to do the same.

And it set the stage for a reigning pope to celebrate the funeral Mass for a retired one. The Vatican announced that Pope Francis would preside over the funeral Thursday in St. Peter’s Square.

<p>Pope Francis, right, greets Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI on June 30, 2015, at the Vatican.</p>

L’Osservatore Romano, Pool Photo via AP

Pope Francis, right, greets Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI on June 30, 2015, at the Vatican.

Francis praised Benedict in comments on Saturday during a service held at St. Peter’s Basilica.

“Only God knows the value and the strength of his intercession, of his sacrifices offered for the good of the Church,” Francis said.

A statement from Vatican spokesman Matteo Bruni on Saturday morning said that: “With sorrow I inform you that Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI died today at 9:34 in the Mater Ecclesia Monastery in the Vatican.”

The former Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger had never wanted to be pope, planning at age 78 to spend his final years writing in the “peace and quiet” of his native Bavaria.

Instead, he was forced to follow the footsteps of the beloved St. John Paul II and run the church through the fallout of the clerical sex abuse scandal and then a second scandal that erupted when his own butler stole his personal papers and gave them to a journalist.

<p>Pope Benedict XVI, top right, kneels in prayer May 1, 2011, in front of the casket of late Pope John Paul II, laid out in state at the Altar of the Confession inside St. Peter's Basilica at the end of a solemn celebration in St. Peter's Square, where John Paul II was beatified.</p>

Andrew Medichini, Associated Press, Pool

Pope Benedict XVI, top right, kneels in prayer May 1, 2011, in front of the casket of late Pope John Paul II, laid out in state at the Altar of the Confession inside St. Peter's Basilica at the end of a solemn celebration in St. Peter's Square, where John Paul II was beatified.

Being elected pope, he once said, felt like a “guillotine” had come down on him.

Nevertheless, he set about the job with a single-minded vision to rekindle the faith in a world that, he frequently lamented, seemed to think it could do without God.

“In vast areas of the world today, there is a strange forgetfulness of God,” he told 1 million young people gathered on a vast field for his first foreign trip as pope, for World Youth Day in Cologne, Germany, in 2005. “It seems as if everything would be just the same even without him.”

<p>Pilgrims react as they approach Pope Benedict XVI and kiss his right hand Aug. 20, 2011, at Cuatro Vientos airport in Madrid, Spain.</p>

Andres Kudacki, Associated Press

Pilgrims react as they approach Pope Benedict XVI and kiss his right hand Aug. 20, 2011, at Cuatro Vientos airport in Madrid, Spain.

With some decisive, often controversial moves, he tried to remind Europe of its Christian heritage. And he set the Catholic Church on a conservative, tradition-minded path that often alienated progressives. He relaxed the restrictions on celebrating the old Latin Mass and launched a crackdown on American nuns, insisting that the church stay true to its doctrine and traditions in a changing world.

It was a path that in many ways was reversed by his successor, Francis, whose mercy-over-morals priorities alienated the traditionalists who had been so indulged by Benedict.

Benedict’s style couldn’t have been more different from that of John Paul or Francis. No globe-trotting media darling or populist, Benedict was a teacher, theologian and academic to the core: quiet and pensive with a fierce mind. He spoke in paragraphs, not soundbites. He had a weakness for orange Fanta as well as his beloved library; when he was elected pope, he had his entire study moved — as is — from his apartment just outside the Vatican walls into the Apostolic Palace. The books followed him to his retirement home.

Like his predecessor John Paul, Benedict made reaching out to Jews a hallmark of his papacy.

In his 2011 book, “Jesus of Nazareth,” Benedict made a sweeping exoneration of the Jewish people for the death of Christ.

Yet some Jews were incensed at his constant defense of and promotion toward sainthood of Pope Pius XII, the World War II-era pope accused by some of having failed to sufficiently denounce the Holocaust.

<p>Pope Benedict XVI on May 28, 2006, walks through the gate of the former Nazi concentration camp of Auschwitz, with sign above reading in German "Work will set you free", in Oswiecim, Poland.</p>

Diether Endlicher, Associated Press

Pope Benedict XVI on May 28, 2006, walks through the gate of the former Nazi concentration camp of Auschwitz, with sign above reading in German "Work will set you free", in Oswiecim, Poland.

Benedict’s relations with the Muslim world were also a mixed bag. He riled Muslims with a speech in September 2006 in which he quoted a Byzantine emperor who characterized some of the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad as “evil and inhuman,” particularly his command to spread the faith “by the sword.”

But Benedict’s legacy was irreversibly colored by the global eruption in 2010 of the sex abuse scandal, even though as a cardinal he was responsible for turning the Vatican around on the issue.

Benedict had firsthand knowledge of the scope of the problem, since his old office — the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, which he had headed since 1982 — was responsible for dealing with abuse cases.

As pope, Benedict essentially reversed the policy of his beloved predecessor, John Paul, by taking action against the 20th century’s most notorious pedophile priest: the Rev. Marcial Maciel.

<p>Pope Benedict XVI waves to faithful March 19, 2009, as he leaves after a special Mass at the Amadou Ahidjo stadium in Yaounde, Cameroon.</p>

Rebecca Blackwell, Associated Press

Pope Benedict XVI waves to faithful March 19, 2009, as he leaves after a special Mass at the Amadou Ahidjo stadium in Yaounde, Cameroon.

Born April 16, 1927, in Marktl Am Inn, in Bavaria, Benedict wrote in his memoirs of being enlisted in the Nazi youth movement against his will in 1941, when he was 14 and membership was compulsory. He deserted the German army in April 1945.

Benedict was ordained, along with his brother, Georg, in 1951. After spending several years teaching theology in Germany, he was appointed bishop of Munich in 1977 and elevated to cardinal three months later by Pope Paul VI.

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