When the pandemic hit two years ago, millions of people started working from home because they had to. As the pandemic starts to ease, millions are still working from home — this time because they prefer to.
Such flexible arrangements vary widely by industry. But where jobs can be handled remotely, employers are having to adjust, both to accommodate an emboldened workforce and to create reasons to actually get together in person.
The pandemic is the biggest shock to American working life since World War II, Stanford University economist Nicholas Bloom wrote in a recent op-ed. “And we are never going back to the workplace of 2019.”
According to surveys by Bloom and colleagues, almost 8 in 10 employees able to work from home want to continue doing so in some form. On average, they prefer remote work for 2.5 days a week.
After the pandemic ends, nearly 28% of full-paid work hours are expected to be remote, up from 20% in the past year, Bloom said. And many businesses will choose a hybrid arrangement.
Research by Ladders, a careers website, found almost 19% of high-paying jobs were available for remote work in December. That’s projected to rise to a quarter of high-paying jobs — those paying over $80,000 annually — by the end of the year, the site said.
Working from home has become so popular that over 40% of employees said they’d look for a new job or simply quit if required to go to the worksite five days a week.
Among women and people of color, an even higher share of workers said they’d depart if they lost the remote option. Women with young children especially value flexibility.
“Employers that ban working from home will risk driving these employees out the door,” Bloom wrote, and that undermines corporate goals to improve workplace diversity.
Of course, many jobs cannot be done remotely because front-line workers must be where they’re needed. Nationwide, just over a third of private companies increased remote work since the pandemic, according to a 2021 business survey by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
But in accommodations and food services, fewer than 4% of employers boosted remote work. In retail trade, 15% increased that option.
At the other end of the spectrum, remote work grew at over half the companies in educational services, information, financial activities and professional and business services. In total, nearly 60 million U.S. workers had the option to work from home in the past two years, the government estimated.
Remote workers also believe they’re more productive and efficient, and some bosses agree.

Brian Elledge/Dallas Morning News
Most Dallas-Fort Worth offices were still empty when this photo was taken in October 2020. Companies continue to wrestle with how to bring employees back because many workers don't want to commute to the office five days a week.
New York Life Insurance Co. has over 500 employees in seven offices in North Texas. Before the pandemic, about 80% of them came to the office regularly; now about 20% come in and usually for no more than three days a week, said Michael Scovel, managing partner of the Dallas-Fort Worth office.
People love the opportunity to improve their work-life balance, he said. And Zoom calls make it easier to meet with clients and each other. That speeds up training for new hires and eliminates travel time for advisers who used to fly to clients in New York and elsewhere.
“It’s created a far more efficient business model, and we just had our greatest growth year ever,” Scovel said about remote work. “It’s basically made the world so much smaller.”
What’s at risk, he said, is a corporate culture created over many years. He’s trying other approaches to engage people, including a recent trip to Las Vegas for Dallas employees.
“We’re doing things we could have done in Dallas,” he said in a phone call from Vegas. “We just thought this would be more enjoyable — and it is.”
Scovel said companies should find a way to accommodate employees who want to work from home and those who prefer the office: “The key to the future is providing both — and allowing people to determine what’s best for them.”
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Why remote jobs are changing work for good — if you’re working in the right place
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Photo Credit: El Nariz / Shutterstock
Since the short pandemic-induced recession of 2020, the job market has recovered quickly. At the onset of the pandemic, the U.S. lost over 22 million jobs, but according to the most recent data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, nonfarm employment is currently just 4.2 million lower than pre-pandemic levels. While monthly job gains have not been steady, employment in October of 2021 was 5.8 million (4.1%) higher than a year ago.
Compared to the Great Recession precipitated by the collapse of the housing market in 2008, the economic contraction resulting from COVID-19 was both shorter and more severe. During the Great Recession, nonfarm employment fell by nearly 6% and the unemployment rate rose from 5% to 10%, which at that point was the highest rate since 1983. It took nearly seven years for these top-level job metrics to fully recover.
The official COVID-19 recession, on the other hand, lasted just two months, making it the shortest downturn on record, but also one of the deepest. In just two months, the unemployment rate rose from 3.5% to 14.8% and total employment dropped from 152 million to 130 million (or approximately 14.5%). Today, less than two years after the start of the pandemic, total employment is just 2.8% below the pre-pandemic peak.
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Photo Credit: El Nariz / Shutterstock
Since the short pandemic-induced recession of 2020, the job market has recovered quickly. At the onset of the pandemic, the U.S. lost over 22 million jobs, but according to the most recent data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, nonfarm employment is currently just 4.2 million lower than pre-pandemic levels. While monthly job gains have not been steady, employment in October of 2021 was 5.8 million (4.1%) higher than a year ago.
Compared to the Great Recession precipitated by the collapse of the housing market in 2008, the economic contraction resulting from COVID-19 was both shorter and more severe. During the Great Recession, nonfarm employment fell by nearly 6% and the unemployment rate rose from 5% to 10%, which at that point was the highest rate since 1983. It took nearly seven years for these top-level job metrics to fully recover.
The official COVID-19 recession, on the other hand, lasted just two months, making it the shortest downturn on record, but also one of the deepest. In just two months, the unemployment rate rose from 3.5% to 14.8% and total employment dropped from 152 million to 130 million (or approximately 14.5%). Today, less than two years after the start of the pandemic, total employment is just 2.8% below the pre-pandemic peak.
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Why remote jobs are changing work for good — if you’re working in the right place
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted some industries—especially those dependent on face-to-face interactions—far more than others. However, over the past year, every sector except utilities gained jobs back. Leisure and hospitality, one of the hardest hit during the pandemic, added the most jobs between October 2020 and 2021. After shedding nearly 50% of its workforce at the start of the pandemic, the sector grew more than 14% in 2021, adding nearly 2 million jobs. Other sectors that added the most jobs in 2021 include professional and business services, education and health, and transportation and warehousing.
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted some industries—especially those dependent on face-to-face interactions—far more than others. However, over the past year, every sector except utilities gained jobs back. Leisure and hospitality, one of the hardest hit during the pandemic, added the most jobs between October 2020 and 2021. After shedding nearly 50% of its workforce at the start of the pandemic, the sector grew more than 14% in 2021, adding nearly 2 million jobs. Other sectors that added the most jobs in 2021 include professional and business services, education and health, and transportation and warehousing.
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Why remote jobs are changing work for good — if you’re working in the right place
On a regional level, the West Coast experienced the largest employment gains over the past year. Hawaii, whose tourism-dependent economy was disproportionately hurt by the pandemic, leads the country in job gains from October 2020 to October 2021 with a 10.5% increase in nonfarm employment. However, total nonfarm employment in the state is still 12.9% below pre-pandemic levels. Similarly, Nevada—which is also highly dependent on tourism—increased its employment by 7.6% from a year ago and remains about 5.5% below its pre-pandemic peak.
On a regional level, the West Coast experienced the largest employment gains over the past year. Hawaii, whose tourism-dependent economy was disproportionately hurt by the pandemic, leads the country in job gains from October 2020 to October 2021 with a 10.5% increase in nonfarm employment. However, total nonfarm employment in the state is still 12.9% below pre-pandemic levels. Similarly, Nevada—which is also highly dependent on tourism—increased its employment by 7.6% from a year ago and remains about 5.5% below its pre-pandemic peak.
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Why remote jobs are changing work for good — if you’re working in the right place
To find the metropolitan areas with the most job gains in 2021, researchers at Self Financial analyzed the latest employment data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The researchers ranked metro areas according to the percentage change in employment from October 2020 to October 2021. Researchers also included the total change in employment, total employment, and the unemployment rate.
To improve relevance, only metropolitan areas with at least 100,000 people were included in the analysis. Here are the U.S. metros with the most job gains in 2021.
To find the metropolitan areas with the most job gains in 2021, researchers at Self Financial analyzed the latest employment data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The researchers ranked metro areas according to the percentage change in employment from October 2020 to October 2021. Researchers also included the total change in employment, total employment, and the unemployment rate.
To improve relevance, only metropolitan areas with at least 100,000 people were included in the analysis. Here are the U.S. metros with the most job gains in 2021.
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Why remote jobs are changing work for good — if you’re working in the right place
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Why remote jobs are changing work for good — if you’re working in the right place
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Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +4.7%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +118,800
- Total employment (October 2021): 2,641,000
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 4.0%
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Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +4.7%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +118,800
- Total employment (October 2021): 2,641,000
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 4.0%
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Why remote jobs are changing work for good — if you’re working in the right place
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Photo Credit: Farid Sani / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +4.8%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +30,000
- Total employment (October 2021): 657,200
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 3.0%
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Photo Credit: Farid Sani / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +4.8%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +30,000
- Total employment (October 2021): 657,200
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 3.0%
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Why remote jobs are changing work for good — if you’re working in the right place
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Photo Credit: Luciano Mortula – LGM / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +4.8%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +129,500
- Total employment (October 2021): 2,823,800
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 2.4%
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Photo Credit: Luciano Mortula – LGM / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +4.8%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +129,500
- Total employment (October 2021): 2,823,800
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 2.4%
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Why remote jobs are changing work for good — if you’re working in the right place
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Photo Credit: Sundry Photography / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +4.9%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +52,100
- Total employment (October 2021): 1,114,400
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 3.8%
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Photo Credit: Sundry Photography / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +4.9%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +52,100
- Total employment (October 2021): 1,114,400
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 3.8%
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Why remote jobs are changing work for good — if you’re working in the right place
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Photo Credit: Bob Pool / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +5.0%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +57,100
- Total employment (October 2021): 1,192,900
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 3.4%
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Photo Credit: Bob Pool / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +5.0%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +57,100
- Total employment (October 2021): 1,192,900
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 3.4%
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Why remote jobs are changing work for good — if you’re working in the right place
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Photo Credit: photo.ua / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +5.2%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +38,600
- Total employment (October 2021): 780,300
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 1.4%
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Photo Credit: photo.ua / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +5.2%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +38,600
- Total employment (October 2021): 780,300
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 1.4%
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Why remote jobs are changing work for good — if you’re working in the right place
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Photo Credit: Wirestock Creators / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +5.4%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +26,400
- Total employment (October 2021): 516,200
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 4.2%
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Photo Credit: Wirestock Creators / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +5.4%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +26,400
- Total employment (October 2021): 516,200
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 4.2%
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Why remote jobs are changing work for good — if you’re working in the right place
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Photo Credit: Bonnie Fink / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +5.4%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +73,300
- Total employment (October 2021): 1,419,200
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 3.8%
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Photo Credit: Bonnie Fink / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +5.4%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +73,300
- Total employment (October 2021): 1,419,200
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 3.8%
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Why remote jobs are changing work for good — if you’re working in the right place
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Photo Credit: Chones / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +5.4%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +300,100
- Total employment (October 2021): 5,884,100
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 7.1%
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Photo Credit: Chones / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +5.4%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +300,100
- Total employment (October 2021): 5,884,100
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 7.1%
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Why remote jobs are changing work for good — if you’re working in the right place
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Photo Credit: ESB Professional / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +5.5%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +140,500
- Total employment (October 2021): 2,693,700
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 4.7%
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Photo Credit: ESB Professional / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +5.5%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +140,500
- Total employment (October 2021): 2,693,700
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 4.7%
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Why remote jobs are changing work for good — if you’re working in the right place
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Photo Credit: Checubus / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +5.6%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +109,400
- Total employment (October 2021): 2,062,500
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 4.6%
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Photo Credit: Checubus / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +5.6%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +109,400
- Total employment (October 2021): 2,062,500
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 4.6%
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Why remote jobs are changing work for good — if you’re working in the right place
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Photo Credit: Gregory E. Clifford / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +5.6%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +118,700
- Total employment (October 2021): 2,239,600
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 3.2%
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Photo Credit: Gregory E. Clifford / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +5.6%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +118,700
- Total employment (October 2021): 2,239,600
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 3.2%
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Why remote jobs are changing work for good — if you’re working in the right place
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Photo Credit: Roschetzky Photography / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +6.7%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +73,700
- Total employment (October 2021): 1,169,400
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 3.4%
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Photo Credit: Roschetzky Photography / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +6.7%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +73,700
- Total employment (October 2021): 1,169,400
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 3.4%
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Why remote jobs are changing work for good — if you’re working in the right place
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Photo Credit: Songquan Deng / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +6.7%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +78,300
- Total employment (October 2021): 1,253,800
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 4.4%
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Photo Credit: Songquan Deng / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +6.7%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +78,300
- Total employment (October 2021): 1,253,800
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 4.4%
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Why remote jobs are changing work for good — if you’re working in the right place
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Photo Credit: Virrage Images / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +8.5%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +76,700
- Total employment (October 2021): 975,100
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 6.6%
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Photo Credit: Virrage Images / Shutterstock
- Percentage change in employment (YoY): +8.5%
- Total change in employment (YoY): +76,700
- Total employment (October 2021): 975,100
- Unemployment rate (October 2021): 6.6%