WASHINGTON — The 118th Congress is the most diverse in history, with a quarter of members identifying as nonwhite. But disparities persist as lawmakers choose the people who really run things behind the scenes — their staff.
Just 18% of top staff for new and returning members are people of color, according to data compiled by the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies. That’s significantly lower than the 40% of Americans nationwide.
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U.S. Rep. Hakeem Jeffries, right, talks to staff after a news conference at the Capitol on Jan. 3 in Washington.
This freshman class is not outpacing the previous crop of new members when it comes to hiring racially diverse candidates for top roles, the Joint Center found.
There are bright spots in the data: Top staff working for returning members of the House and Senate are more diverse in this Congress than the last. And certain groups, like the Congressional Asian Pacific American Staff Association, have celebrated key new hires. This month, Sonali Desai was named executive director of the House Democratic Caucus, while Moh Sharma became director of member services for Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries.
“We’ve definitely made really great strides this Congress,” said Maureen “Mo” Elinzano, co-president of CAPASA and communications director for Rep. Doris Matsui, D-Calif. “We’re always so proud when progress is made. But there’s more that should be done.”
Barriers to entry
Elinzano has worked on the Hill for nearly four years and has seen signs of change, beginning with a stint in 2018 in the office of Washington Democratic Sen. Patty Murray.
“I definitely saw progress,” Elinzano said. “I felt like there were more people of color in my office. And that’s when I joined CAPASA, and through that I started to see that there were people like me working on the Hill.”
But reminders of the obstacles that aides face are embedded in the numbers, like the latest findings from the House Office of Diversity and Inclusion. While staff diversity has increased in recent years overall, it falls short in top staff positions and continues to lag behind national demographics, the office found.
These disparities may stem in part from the relatively low pay rates on the Hill compared with the private sector, according to LaShonda Brenson, senior researcher at the Joint Center, which was founded in 1970 to push for more political clout for Black Americans.
“There’s also an insular culture that I think exists on the Hill that makes it difficult for diverse candidates to kind of poke through,” Brenson said. “And there’s a lack of prioritizing diversity within hiring, retention and promotion within offices. All of these things work together to make it harder for people of color to get these positions.”
Brenson defines “top staff” as chiefs of staff, legislative directors and communications directors — traditionally the three most powerful roles in a member’s office.
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History of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace
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Over the past 100 years, the U.S. workforce has changed dramatically. While initially male-dominated as women took on more “traditional” roles within the home, the onset of World War II shifted this dynamic. Women began to file into the workplace and subsequently discovered that they were met with challenges in fair treatment and opportunities. As a result, new policies began arising to ensure that workplace rules and standards would be fair to everyone. These executive orders, actions, and amendments to existing policies ignited a wave extending to a wider range of marginalized groups based on race, ethnicity, disabilities, gender and sexual identity, and more.
People in these groups have always faced great difficulties in the workplace, including racism, a lack of needed accommodations for physical/mental conditions, sexual harassment, lower wages, and barriers to better opportunities. Equitable and inclusive policies that encourage diversity training, hiring initiatives to diversify employees, and retention/promotion efforts among marginalized employees allow workers a chance to thrive and feel safe and respected among their colleagues. A diverse workplace also matters to job seekers, with 76% of them considering it as an important factor during their job search, according to Glassdoor. These changes have come with various levels of pushback and challenges of their own, many of which people are still trying to mitigate to this day.
Gender and racial pay gaps still exist. Black workers make 76 cents for every dollar white workers make, according to the Department of Labor. This gap is also consistent between men and women, with the latter earning 76 cents for every dollar men make. And, Hispanic/Latino workers make 73 cents for every dollar white workers make. While this pay gap still exists—and the push to close it continues—it would be even wider without this history of policies.
From groundbreaking cases like the Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson case of 1986 to Texaco’s Black employees successfully suing the company for discriminatory practices, workers in the U.S. continue to fight for equitable treatment throughout the job-seeking and employment process. Without pivotal action and the push for companies and government sectors to be transparent, the U.S. workforce would not be as diverse and robust as it is today.
Kazoo researched information from a plethora of sources to learn about the history of diversity, equity, and inclusion policies in the workplace. Sources include government websites (such as those for the Department of Labor and Congress) and news organizations (such as the San Francisco Examiner and CNN). Here is a look at the history of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace.
H. Armstrong Roberts/ClassicStock // Getty Images
Over the past 100 years, the U.S. workforce has changed dramatically. While initially male-dominated as women took on more “traditional” roles within the home, the onset of World War II shifted this dynamic. Women began to file into the workplace and subsequently discovered that they were met with challenges in fair treatment and opportunities. As a result, new policies began arising to ensure that workplace rules and standards would be fair to everyone. These executive orders, actions, and amendments to existing policies ignited a wave extending to a wider range of marginalized groups based on race, ethnicity, disabilities, gender and sexual identity, and more.
People in these groups have always faced great difficulties in the workplace, including racism, a lack of needed accommodations for physical/mental conditions, sexual harassment, lower wages, and barriers to better opportunities. Equitable and inclusive policies that encourage diversity training, hiring initiatives to diversify employees, and retention/promotion efforts among marginalized employees allow workers a chance to thrive and feel safe and respected among their colleagues. A diverse workplace also matters to job seekers, with 76% of them considering it as an important factor during their job search, according to Glassdoor. These changes have come with various levels of pushback and challenges of their own, many of which people are still trying to mitigate to this day.
Gender and racial pay gaps still exist. Black workers make 76 cents for every dollar white workers make, according to the Department of Labor. This gap is also consistent between men and women, with the latter earning 76 cents for every dollar men make. And, Hispanic/Latino workers make 73 cents for every dollar white workers make. While this pay gap still exists—and the push to close it continues—it would be even wider without this history of policies.
From groundbreaking cases like the Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson case of 1986 to Texaco’s Black employees successfully suing the company for discriminatory practices, workers in the U.S. continue to fight for equitable treatment throughout the job-seeking and employment process. Without pivotal action and the push for companies and government sectors to be transparent, the U.S. workforce would not be as diverse and robust as it is today.
Kazoo researched information from a plethora of sources to learn about the history of diversity, equity, and inclusion policies in the workplace. Sources include government websites (such as those for the Department of Labor and Congress) and news organizations (such as the San Francisco Examiner and CNN). Here is a look at the history of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace.
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History of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace
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The Women’s Bureau of the DOL came during a pivotal time for women’s rights as they began shifting into the workplace and pushing for the right to vote. Its aim was to “formulate standards and policies which shall promote the welfare of wage-earning women, improve their working conditions, increase their efficiency, and advance their opportunities for profitable employment.” The agency set the stage for transformative national changes, such as the Fair Labor Standards Act in 1938 that addressed inequities between white and Black women employees as well as allowing women to take the Civil Service exam to attain political and public sector work.
FPG // Getty Images
The Women’s Bureau of the DOL came during a pivotal time for women’s rights as they began shifting into the workplace and pushing for the right to vote. Its aim was to “formulate standards and policies which shall promote the welfare of wage-earning women, improve their working conditions, increase their efficiency, and advance their opportunities for profitable employment.” The agency set the stage for transformative national changes, such as the Fair Labor Standards Act in 1938 that addressed inequities between white and Black women employees as well as allowing women to take the Civil Service exam to attain political and public sector work.
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History of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace
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The desegregation order—formally known as executive order 9981—says that “there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed forces without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin.” It was spawned not only by the inequities faced by Black military members following their service in World War I and II, but by one particular act of violence. Issac Woodard—who was honorably discharged from the Army—was beaten and blinded by South Carolina police officers in February 1946 while in uniform.
Truman’s executive order met ample pushback from bigoted military leaders; however, it led to the U.S. Air Force fully integrating in 1952. Other branches of armed services followed with the rise of the Korean War.
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The desegregation order—formally known as executive order 9981—says that “there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed forces without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin.” It was spawned not only by the inequities faced by Black military members following their service in World War I and II, but by one particular act of violence. Issac Woodard—who was honorably discharged from the Army—was beaten and blinded by South Carolina police officers in February 1946 while in uniform.
Truman’s executive order met ample pushback from bigoted military leaders; however, it led to the U.S. Air Force fully integrating in 1952. Other branches of armed services followed with the rise of the Korean War.
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History of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace
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Executive order 10925 was one of the first acts John F. Kennedy took as president. The order required federal contracting agencies to “take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color or national origin.” Canceling contracts, among other sanctions, could not happen without consequence. It also led to the establishment of the President’s Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity (later known as the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) to oversee policy issues, working in conjunction with the Department of Labor.
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Executive order 10925 was one of the first acts John F. Kennedy took as president. The order required federal contracting agencies to “take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color or national origin.” Canceling contracts, among other sanctions, could not happen without consequence. It also led to the establishment of the President’s Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity (later known as the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) to oversee policy issues, working in conjunction with the Department of Labor.
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History of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace
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The commission’s purpose is to “explore issues relating to women and to make proposals in such areas as employment policy, education, and federal Social Security and tax laws where these discriminated against women or otherwise addressed women’s rights.” JFK’s reasoning behind the Commission on the Status of Women was twofold. There was a need to balance pushing for continuous advancement of women’s workplace equality while maintaining the support of those who thought the accommodations led employers to hire them less.
The commission aimed to find compromise with feminists who supported female workers while also ensuring women’s ability to work in traditional home/family roles. And with the ongoing “space race,” there was an economic advantage to increasing women’s presence in the workplace. Former first lady Eleanor Roosevelt chaired the collective, which spawned achievements like the Equal Pay Act of 1963.
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The commission’s purpose is to “explore issues relating to women and to make proposals in such areas as employment policy, education, and federal Social Security and tax laws where these discriminated against women or otherwise addressed women’s rights.” JFK’s reasoning behind the Commission on the Status of Women was twofold. There was a need to balance pushing for continuous advancement of women’s workplace equality while maintaining the support of those who thought the accommodations led employers to hire them less.
The commission aimed to find compromise with feminists who supported female workers while also ensuring women’s ability to work in traditional home/family roles. And with the ongoing “space race,” there was an economic advantage to increasing women’s presence in the workplace. Former first lady Eleanor Roosevelt chaired the collective, which spawned achievements like the Equal Pay Act of 1963.
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History of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace
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The act—signed into law by President Kennedy—serves as an amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, taking into account shifts in the workplace with more women employees. It “prohibits sex-based wage discrimination between men and women in the same establishment who perform jobs that require substantially equal skill, effort and responsibility under similar working conditions.”
Employers are required to offer the same forms of compensation—including wages, benefits, and reimbursements—to men and women who do the same job. If not, the affected employee can file a lawsuit for a pay adjustment, legal fees, and back pay. The Equal Opportunity Employment Commission is responsible for enforcing the Equal Pay Act, which is still going through adjustments today.
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The act—signed into law by President Kennedy—serves as an amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, taking into account shifts in the workplace with more women employees. It “prohibits sex-based wage discrimination between men and women in the same establishment who perform jobs that require substantially equal skill, effort and responsibility under similar working conditions.”
Employers are required to offer the same forms of compensation—including wages, benefits, and reimbursements—to men and women who do the same job. If not, the affected employee can file a lawsuit for a pay adjustment, legal fees, and back pay. The Equal Opportunity Employment Commission is responsible for enforcing the Equal Pay Act, which is still going through adjustments today.
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History of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace
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The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark law that tackles intentional discrimination and indirect practices that have a detrimental effect on those who fall into marginalized identities. This includes discrimination “against someone on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex (including pregnancy, sexual orientation, and gender identity) or religion.”
It covers a variety of employment stages from job advertisements, recruitment, hiring, compensation, use of company facilities, advancement, and firing, among others. Additionally, it requires reasonable accommodation for those who observe certain religious practices, protection against harassment, and more.
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The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark law that tackles intentional discrimination and indirect practices that have a detrimental effect on those who fall into marginalized identities. This includes discrimination “against someone on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex (including pregnancy, sexual orientation, and gender identity) or religion.”
It covers a variety of employment stages from job advertisements, recruitment, hiring, compensation, use of company facilities, advancement, and firing, among others. Additionally, it requires reasonable accommodation for those who observe certain religious practices, protection against harassment, and more.
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History of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace
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Executive order 11246 charges the Secretary of Labor “with the responsibility of ensuring equal opportunity for minorities in federal contractors’ recruitment, hiring, training and other employment practices.” These efforts were previously in the hands of several presidential committees. Much like the Civil Rights Act of 1964, executive order 11246 played a role in mitigating racial, religious, and ethnic discrimination in the workforce. The order continues to go through amendments to protect the rights of federal contract employees.
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Executive order 11246 charges the Secretary of Labor “with the responsibility of ensuring equal opportunity for minorities in federal contractors’ recruitment, hiring, training and other employment practices.” These efforts were previously in the hands of several presidential committees. Much like the Civil Rights Act of 1964, executive order 11246 played a role in mitigating racial, religious, and ethnic discrimination in the workforce. The order continues to go through amendments to protect the rights of federal contract employees.
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History of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace
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The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 is enforced by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. It “prohibits employment discrimination against persons 40 years of age or older”—a tenet not specifically covered by the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The act covers all aspects of job seeking, interviewing, and employment and applies to companies with 20 or more workers.
Boston Globe // Getty Images
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 is enforced by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. It “prohibits employment discrimination against persons 40 years of age or older”—a tenet not specifically covered by the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The act covers all aspects of job seeking, interviewing, and employment and applies to companies with 20 or more workers.
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History of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace
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The Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 is an amendment to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, which gave the agency the “authority to conduct its own enforcement litigation.” This means the EEOC can bring lawsuits against those who may be discriminating against marginalized people in hiring and/or employee promotion practices. Prior to this, the person with a grievance had to bring action up themselves, while the government could take limited action. President Nixon, who signed the act, delivered a special statement, saying “this legislation is an important step toward true equality on the job front.”
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The Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 is an amendment to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, which gave the agency the “authority to conduct its own enforcement litigation.” This means the EEOC can bring lawsuits against those who may be discriminating against marginalized people in hiring and/or employee promotion practices. Prior to this, the person with a grievance had to bring action up themselves, while the government could take limited action. President Nixon, who signed the act, delivered a special statement, saying “this legislation is an important step toward true equality on the job front.”
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History of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace
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The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 precedes the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, protecting the rights of people with disabilities in higher education, private industries, and the government. Critical parts of the act include Section 503, which “prohibits federal contractors and subcontractors from discriminating in employment against individuals with disabilities and requires employers take affirmative action to recruit, hire, promote, and retain these individuals.” Section 504, however, distinguishes people with disabilities who are in federal financial assistance programs.
In 2014, Section 503 was updated, requiring federal contractors and subcontractors to “aspire to, and track progress toward, employing individuals with disabilities.” The amendment also allows applicants to self-identify as having a disability and encourages a 7% workforce goal for people with disabilities at companies with more than 100 employees.
Boston Globe// Getty Images
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 precedes the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, protecting the rights of people with disabilities in higher education, private industries, and the government. Critical parts of the act include Section 503, which “prohibits federal contractors and subcontractors from discriminating in employment against individuals with disabilities and requires employers take affirmative action to recruit, hire, promote, and retain these individuals.” Section 504, however, distinguishes people with disabilities who are in federal financial assistance programs.
In 2014, Section 503 was updated, requiring federal contractors and subcontractors to “aspire to, and track progress toward, employing individuals with disabilities.” The amendment also allows applicants to self-identify as having a disability and encourages a 7% workforce goal for people with disabilities at companies with more than 100 employees.
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History of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace
Museum of the City of New York // Getty Images
“The Village Voice,” a New York City-based newspaper, became the first place to bargain for employees in same-gender relationships to access health care for their families. The company’s union laid the groundwork for LGBTQ+ people to have the same benefits afforded to those in heterosexual partnerships. During this time, “The Village Voice” was a supporter of gay rights, publishing a Gay Pride issue every June—a stark difference from its stance on the LGBTQ+ community in earlier decades.
Museum of the City of New York // Getty Images
“The Village Voice,” a New York City-based newspaper, became the first place to bargain for employees in same-gender relationships to access health care for their families. The company’s union laid the groundwork for LGBTQ+ people to have the same benefits afforded to those in heterosexual partnerships. During this time, “The Village Voice” was a supporter of gay rights, publishing a Gay Pride issue every June—a stark difference from its stance on the LGBTQ+ community in earlier decades.
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History of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace
Diana Walker // Getty Images
This sexual harassment decision stems from the Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson case. In 1978, Mechelle Vinson, a Black woman, was fired from her job as a bank teller. Vinson had filed a lawsuit months prior stating that her supervisor, Sidney L. Taylor, coerced her into sexual encounters, demanded sexual favors, and sexually assaulted her on several occasions. She said his actions made for a “hostile work environment.”
For the first time, the Supreme Court recognized sexual harassment as an “actionable” offense, ruling unanimously in her favor that “sexual harassment of an employee by a supervisor violates the Federal law against sex discrimination in the workplace.” It opened the gates for similar sexual harassment cases to be heard.
Diana Walker // Getty Images
This sexual harassment decision stems from the Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson case. In 1978, Mechelle Vinson, a Black woman, was fired from her job as a bank teller. Vinson had filed a lawsuit months prior stating that her supervisor, Sidney L. Taylor, coerced her into sexual encounters, demanded sexual favors, and sexually assaulted her on several occasions. She said his actions made for a “hostile work environment.”
For the first time, the Supreme Court recognized sexual harassment as an “actionable” offense, ruling unanimously in her favor that “sexual harassment of an employee by a supervisor violates the Federal law against sex discrimination in the workplace.” It opened the gates for similar sexual harassment cases to be heard.
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History of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace
Diana Walker // Getty Images
The seven-month study highlights the struggles that disadvantaged workers encounter in their workplace, specifically the service industry. It suggested that there would be a rise in female and/or minority workers in laborious industries due to few jobs being created for those without access to education and resources to attain “higher skilled” work. This forebodes a rise in unemployment among those with less education. Hudson Institute’s project leader William Johnston summed up the findings to USA Today, stating, “we’re creating fewer bolt-tightening jobs and more technical and professional jobs.”
Diana Walker // Getty Images
The seven-month study highlights the struggles that disadvantaged workers encounter in their workplace, specifically the service industry. It suggested that there would be a rise in female and/or minority workers in laborious industries due to few jobs being created for those without access to education and resources to attain “higher skilled” work. This forebodes a rise in unemployment among those with less education. Hudson Institute’s project leader William Johnston summed up the findings to USA Today, stating, “we’re creating fewer bolt-tightening jobs and more technical and professional jobs.”
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History of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace
The Washington Post // Getty Images
The Women’s Business Ownership Act—also known as HR 5050—gave women a chance to take on their own business loans. Prior to this, women would need a male relative—such as her father, spouse, or child—to obtain a business loan. This put women at a disadvantage, leading to smaller approved loans even when they had the capital and professional experience to support their endeavor. It also led to the National Business Women’s Council, an organization of female entrepreneurs who report to the president and Congress annually.
The Washington Post // Getty Images
The Women’s Business Ownership Act—also known as HR 5050—gave women a chance to take on their own business loans. Prior to this, women would need a male relative—such as her father, spouse, or child—to obtain a business loan. This put women at a disadvantage, leading to smaller approved loans even when they had the capital and professional experience to support their endeavor. It also led to the National Business Women’s Council, an organization of female entrepreneurs who report to the president and Congress annually.
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History of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace
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The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 “makes it unlawful to discriminate in employment against a qualified individual with a disability.” It encompasses a wide range of employers including private businesses, state/local governments, employment agencies, labor organizations, and labor management committees. An employer must avoid discriminatory actions from job posting/recruitment to interviewing, hiring, retaining, and firing as well as provide reasonable accommodations when applicable. In 2008, the ADA got an amendment to include people who have AIDS or are HIV-positive.
Fotosearch // Getty Images
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 “makes it unlawful to discriminate in employment against a qualified individual with a disability.” It encompasses a wide range of employers including private businesses, state/local governments, employment agencies, labor organizations, and labor management committees. An employer must avoid discriminatory actions from job posting/recruitment to interviewing, hiring, retaining, and firing as well as provide reasonable accommodations when applicable. In 2008, the ADA got an amendment to include people who have AIDS or are HIV-positive.
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History of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace
STEVEN R. SCHAEFER // Getty Images
Several companies—including Texaco and The Coca-Cola Company—lost discriminatory lawsuits levied against them by employees. During this period, diversity training rose in prominence among companies aiming to increase and maintain cultural diversity within their respective workforces.
However, there were still issues, as evidenced in 1996 when Texaco settled a lawsuit with its Black employees for $176.1 million, which was the largest race discrimination lawsuit ever at the time. The suit—originally filed by six Black employees—alleged that Texaco refused to promote qualified Black employees, did not pay them salaries that were comparable to their non-Black counterparts, and employees who spoke out against this were met with retaliative actions including intimidation, demotion, and firing.
In 2000, Coca-Cola settled a $192.5 million lawsuit accusing the company of “discriminating against Black salaried employees in pay, promotions and evaluations.” The suit began in 1999 after four employees went public about their respective experiences. Attention swelled when 45 employees took a “bus ride for justice” from Atlanta to Washington D.C. Additionally, famed civil rights leader Rev. Jesse Jackson called for a boycott of the company’s products.
STEVEN R. SCHAEFER // Getty Images
Several companies—including Texaco and The Coca-Cola Company—lost discriminatory lawsuits levied against them by employees. During this period, diversity training rose in prominence among companies aiming to increase and maintain cultural diversity within their respective workforces.
However, there were still issues, as evidenced in 1996 when Texaco settled a lawsuit with its Black employees for $176.1 million, which was the largest race discrimination lawsuit ever at the time. The suit—originally filed by six Black employees—alleged that Texaco refused to promote qualified Black employees, did not pay them salaries that were comparable to their non-Black counterparts, and employees who spoke out against this were met with retaliative actions including intimidation, demotion, and firing.
In 2000, Coca-Cola settled a $192.5 million lawsuit accusing the company of “discriminating against Black salaried employees in pay, promotions and evaluations.” The suit began in 1999 after four employees went public about their respective experiences. Attention swelled when 45 employees took a “bus ride for justice” from Atlanta to Washington D.C. Additionally, famed civil rights leader Rev. Jesse Jackson called for a boycott of the company’s products.
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History of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace
Justin Sullivan // Getty Images
Media outlets like CNN and San Jose Mercury pressured companies to release information about the diversity of their workforces to promote transparency. They focused on major Silicon Valley companies like Apple, Google, Amazon, and Facebook. According to a CNNMoney report, every U.S. company with over 100 employees should file an EEO-1, which categorizes its workforce by race and gender.
When the EEOC denied CNNMoney’s Freedom of Information request to obtain this data, CNN asked the companies to be transparent on their own volition. Google finally released details to USA Today in 2014, revealing that 61% of overall employees at that time were white. Public opinion pushed the company to make changes to diversify its workplace, with others following suit.
Justin Sullivan // Getty Images
Media outlets like CNN and San Jose Mercury pressured companies to release information about the diversity of their workforces to promote transparency. They focused on major Silicon Valley companies like Apple, Google, Amazon, and Facebook. According to a CNNMoney report, every U.S. company with over 100 employees should file an EEO-1, which categorizes its workforce by race and gender.
When the EEOC denied CNNMoney’s Freedom of Information request to obtain this data, CNN asked the companies to be transparent on their own volition. Google finally released details to USA Today in 2014, revealing that 61% of overall employees at that time were white. Public opinion pushed the company to make changes to diversify its workplace, with others following suit.
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History of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace
JEWEL SAMAD// Getty Images
President Obama signed amendments to executive order 11246, which ensures equal opportunity employment for minorities, in 2014. First, 13665 “prohibits retaliation by federal contractors against employees or applicants who inquire about, discuss, or disclose details of their own or other employees’ or applicants’ compensation.” And 13672 “prohibits federal contractors from discriminating against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender employees and applicants.” Employers must not consider an applicant’s or employee’s gender identity nor sexual orientation when offering employment, benefits, etc.
These amendments required organizations to amend their EEO and affirmative action policies to include gender identity and sexual orientation.
JEWEL SAMAD// Getty Images
President Obama signed amendments to executive order 11246, which ensures equal opportunity employment for minorities, in 2014. First, 13665 “prohibits retaliation by federal contractors against employees or applicants who inquire about, discuss, or disclose details of their own or other employees’ or applicants’ compensation.” And 13672 “prohibits federal contractors from discriminating against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender employees and applicants.” Employers must not consider an applicant’s or employee’s gender identity nor sexual orientation when offering employment, benefits, etc.
These amendments required organizations to amend their EEO and affirmative action policies to include gender identity and sexual orientation.
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History of diversity and inclusion policies in the workplace
Chip Somodevilla // Getty Images
People cannot be fired for being a member of the LGTBQ+ community. If this occurs, they can file a lawsuit against their employer. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6-3 that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 also protects LGBTQ+ individuals. It comes off the heels of several incidents, including two men who accused their respective employers of firing them for being gay as well as the case of Aimee Stephens, who was fired from her job as a funeral director after informing her boss that she is transgender.
This story originally appeared on Kazoo and was produced and distributed in partnership with Stacker Studio.
Chip Somodevilla // Getty Images
People cannot be fired for being a member of the LGTBQ+ community. If this occurs, they can file a lawsuit against their employer. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6-3 that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 also protects LGBTQ+ individuals. It comes off the heels of several incidents, including two men who accused their respective employers of firing them for being gay as well as the case of Aimee Stephens, who was fired from her job as a funeral director after informing her boss that she is transgender.
This story originally appeared on Kazoo and was produced and distributed in partnership with Stacker Studio.
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Kevin McCarthy wins House speaker in 15th round of voting
Matt Rourke
The sign at the office of House Speaker Kevin McCarthy of Calif., is installed on Capitol Hill in Washington, early Saturday, Jan. 7, 2023. (AP Photo/ Matt Rourke)
Matt Rourke
The sign at the office of House Speaker Kevin McCarthy of Calif., is installed on Capitol Hill in Washington, early Saturday, Jan. 7, 2023. (AP Photo/ Matt Rourke)
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Kevin McCarthy wins House speaker in 15th round of voting
Andrew Harnik
Dean of the House Rep. Hal Rogers, R-Ky., swears in Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., as House Speaker on the House floor at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, early Saturday, Jan. 7, 2023. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
Andrew Harnik
Dean of the House Rep. Hal Rogers, R-Ky., swears in Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., as House Speaker on the House floor at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, early Saturday, Jan. 7, 2023. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
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Kevin McCarthy wins House speaker in 15th round of voting
Andrew Harnik
Incoming House Speaker Kevin McCarthy of Calif., speaks on the House floor at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, early Saturday, Jan. 7, 2023. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
Andrew Harnik
Incoming House Speaker Kevin McCarthy of Calif., speaks on the House floor at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, early Saturday, Jan. 7, 2023. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
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Kevin McCarthy wins House speaker in 15th round of voting
Alex Brandon
Newly elected Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy of Calif., speaks to the 118th Congress in the House chamber, in Washington, early Saturday, Jan. 7, 2023. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
Alex Brandon
Newly elected Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy of Calif., speaks to the 118th Congress in the House chamber, in Washington, early Saturday, Jan. 7, 2023. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Kevin McCarthy wins House speaker in 15th round of voting
Andrew Harnik
Incoming House Speaker Kevin McCarthy of Calif., holds the gavel after accepting it from House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries of N.Y., on the House floor at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, early Saturday, Jan. 7, 2023. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
Andrew Harnik
Incoming House Speaker Kevin McCarthy of Calif., holds the gavel after accepting it from House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries of N.Y., on the House floor at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, early Saturday, Jan. 7, 2023. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
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Kevin McCarthy wins House speaker in 15th round of voting
Andrew Harnik
House Speaker-elect Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., gestures for silence from his Republican colleagues as House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries of N.Y., speaks on the House floor at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, early Saturday, Jan. 7, 2023. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
Andrew Harnik
House Speaker-elect Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., gestures for silence from his Republican colleagues as House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries of N.Y., speaks on the House floor at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, early Saturday, Jan. 7, 2023. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
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Kevin McCarthy wins House speaker in 15th round of voting
Alex Brandon
Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., smiles after winning the 15th vote in the House chamber as the House enters the fifth day trying to elect a speaker and convene the 118th Congress in Washington, early Saturday, Jan. 7, 2023. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
Alex Brandon
Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., smiles after winning the 15th vote in the House chamber as the House enters the fifth day trying to elect a speaker and convene the 118th Congress in Washington, early Saturday, Jan. 7, 2023. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Kevin McCarthy wins House speaker in 15th round of voting
Alex Brandon
Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., reacts after Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., voted "present" in the House chamber as the House meets for the fourth day to elect a speaker and convene the 118th Congress in Washington, Friday, Jan. 6, 2023. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
Alex Brandon
Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., reacts after Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., voted "present" in the House chamber as the House meets for the fourth day to elect a speaker and convene the 118th Congress in Washington, Friday, Jan. 6, 2023. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Kevin McCarthy wins House speaker in 15th round of voting
Andrew Harnik
Rep. Richard Hudson, R-N.C., left, pulls Rep. Mike Rogers, R-Ala., back as they talk with Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., and other during the 14th round of voting for speaker as the House meets for the fourth day to try and elect a speaker and convene the 118th Congress in Washington, Friday, Jan. 6, 2023. At right is Rep. Patrick McHenry, R-N.C. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
Andrew Harnik
Rep. Richard Hudson, R-N.C., left, pulls Rep. Mike Rogers, R-Ala., back as they talk with Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., and other during the 14th round of voting for speaker as the House meets for the fourth day to try and elect a speaker and convene the 118th Congress in Washington, Friday, Jan. 6, 2023. At right is Rep. Patrick McHenry, R-N.C. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
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Kevin McCarthy wins House speaker in 15th round of voting
Alex Brandon
Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., talks to Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., after Gaetz voted "present" in the House chamber as the House meets for the fourth day to elect a speaker and convene the 118th Congress in Washington, Friday, Jan. 6, 2023. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
Alex Brandon
Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., talks to Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., after Gaetz voted "present" in the House chamber as the House meets for the fourth day to elect a speaker and convene the 118th Congress in Washington, Friday, Jan. 6, 2023. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Kevin McCarthy wins House speaker in 15th round of voting
Jacquelyn Martin
Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., walks to the House chamber, Friday, Jan. 6, 2023, to attend the 14th vote for speaker of the House, on Capitol Hill in Washington. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)
Jacquelyn Martin
Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., walks to the House chamber, Friday, Jan. 6, 2023, to attend the 14th vote for speaker of the House, on Capitol Hill in Washington. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Andrew Harnik - staff, AP
Rep. Bryan Steil, R-Wis., holds up the tally sheet in the House chamber after Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., was elected as speaker and convene the 118th Congress in Washington, early Saturday, Jan. 7, 2023.
Andrew Harnik - staff, AP
Rep. Bryan Steil, R-Wis., holds up the tally sheet in the House chamber after Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., was elected as speaker and convene the 118th Congress in Washington, early Saturday, Jan. 7, 2023.
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Alex Brandon - staff, AP
Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., smiles after winning the 15th vote in the House chamber as the House enters the fifth day trying to elect a speaker and convene the 118th Congress in Washington, early Saturday, Jan. 7, 2023.
Alex Brandon - staff, AP
Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., smiles after winning the 15th vote in the House chamber as the House enters the fifth day trying to elect a speaker and convene the 118th Congress in Washington, early Saturday, Jan. 7, 2023.
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Kevin McCarthy wins House speaker in 15th round of voting
Alex Brandon, Associated Press
Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., reacts after Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., voted "present" in the House chamber as the House met for the fourth day to elect a speaker Friday in Washington.
Alex Brandon, Associated Press
Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., reacts after Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., voted "present" in the House chamber as the House met for the fourth day to elect a speaker Friday in Washington.
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Kevin McCarthy wins House speaker in 15th round of voting
Jacquelyn Martin, Associated Press
Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., walks to the House chamber for the 14th vote for speaker of the House on Friday in Washington.
Jacquelyn Martin, Associated Press
Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., walks to the House chamber for the 14th vote for speaker of the House on Friday in Washington.
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McCarthy fails on 14th ballot for speaker; tensions boil
Alex Brandon
Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., talks to Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., after Gaetz voted "present" in the House chamber as the House meets for the fourth day to elect a speaker and convene the 118th Congress in Washington, Friday, Jan. 6, 2023. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
Alex Brandon
Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., talks to Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., after Gaetz voted "present" in the House chamber as the House meets for the fourth day to elect a speaker and convene the 118th Congress in Washington, Friday, Jan. 6, 2023. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Alex Brandon - staff, AP
Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., reacts after losing the 14th vote in the House chamber as the House meets for the fourth day to elect a speaker and convene the 118th Congress in Washington, Friday, Jan. 6, 2023.
Alex Brandon - staff, AP
Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., reacts after losing the 14th vote in the House chamber as the House meets for the fourth day to elect a speaker and convene the 118th Congress in Washington, Friday, Jan. 6, 2023.
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Andrew Harnik - staff, AP
Rep. Richard Hudson, R-N.C., left, pulls Rep. Mike Rogers, R-Ala., back as they talk with Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., and other during the 14th round of voting for speaker as the House meets for the fourth day to try and elect a speaker and convene the 118th Congress in Washington, Friday, Jan. 6, 2023.
Andrew Harnik - staff, AP
Rep. Richard Hudson, R-N.C., left, pulls Rep. Mike Rogers, R-Ala., back as they talk with Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., and other during the 14th round of voting for speaker as the House meets for the fourth day to try and elect a speaker and convene the 118th Congress in Washington, Friday, Jan. 6, 2023.
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Andrew Harnik - staff, AP
Rep. Richard Hudson, R-N.C., left, pulls Rep. Mike Rogers, R-Ala., back as they talk with Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., and other during the 14th round of voting for speaker as the House meets for the fourth day to try and elect a speaker and convene the 118th Congress in Washington, Friday, Jan. 6, 2023.
Andrew Harnik - staff, AP
Rep. Richard Hudson, R-N.C., left, pulls Rep. Mike Rogers, R-Ala., back as they talk with Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., and other during the 14th round of voting for speaker as the House meets for the fourth day to try and elect a speaker and convene the 118th Congress in Washington, Friday, Jan. 6, 2023.
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Carolyn Kaster
Rep. Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., and her husband Paul Pelosi walk surrounded by media on Capitol Hill in Washington, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, after the House adjourned following three failed attempts to select a Speaker of the House for the 118th Congress. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster)
Carolyn Kaster
Rep. Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., and her husband Paul Pelosi walk surrounded by media on Capitol Hill in Washington, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, after the House adjourned following three failed attempts to select a Speaker of the House for the 118th Congress. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Carolyn Kaster
Rep. Ken Buck, R-Colo., a member of the conservative House Freedom Caucus, talks to reporters on Capitol Hill in Washington, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, after the House adjourned following three failed attempts to select a Speaker of the House for the 118th Congress. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster)
Carolyn Kaster
Rep. Ken Buck, R-Colo., a member of the conservative House Freedom Caucus, talks to reporters on Capitol Hill in Washington, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, after the House adjourned following three failed attempts to select a Speaker of the House for the 118th Congress. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Andrew Harnik
Rep. Jim Jordan, R-Ohio, speaks with Rep. Trent Kelly, R-Miss., after the House adjourned without electing a new speaker during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
Andrew Harnik
Rep. Jim Jordan, R-Ohio, speaks with Rep. Trent Kelly, R-Miss., after the House adjourned without electing a new speaker during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Susan Walsh
Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., talks with reporters on Capitol Hill in Washington, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, after the House adjourned following three failed attempts to elect a new Speaker of the House for the 118th Congress. (AP Photo/Susan Walsh)
Susan Walsh
Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., talks with reporters on Capitol Hill in Washington, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, after the House adjourned following three failed attempts to elect a new Speaker of the House for the 118th Congress. (AP Photo/Susan Walsh)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Andrew Harnik
Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., talks with Rep. Patrick McHenry, R-N.C., center, and Rep. Scott Perry, R-Pa., talk after the House adjourned for the day without electing a new House Speaker during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
Andrew Harnik
Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., talks with Rep. Patrick McHenry, R-N.C., center, and Rep. Scott Perry, R-Pa., talk after the House adjourned for the day without electing a new House Speaker during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Alex Brandon
Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., listens as the second round of votes are cast for the next Speaker of the House on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
Alex Brandon
Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., listens as the second round of votes are cast for the next Speaker of the House on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Alex Brandon
Rep. Brian Fitzpatrick, R-Pa., yawns after the third round of votes for House Speaker on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
Alex Brandon
Rep. Brian Fitzpatrick, R-Pa., yawns after the third round of votes for House Speaker on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Jose Luis Magana
House chamber is seen on TV screen, during the third round of votes for Speaker of the House on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Jose Luis Magana)
Jose Luis Magana
House chamber is seen on TV screen, during the third round of votes for Speaker of the House on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Jose Luis Magana)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Alex Brandon
Rep. Chip Roy, R-Texas, speaks to nominate Rep. Jim Jordan, R-Ohio, for the third round of votes for Speaker of the House on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
Alex Brandon
Rep. Chip Roy, R-Texas, speaks to nominate Rep. Jim Jordan, R-Ohio, for the third round of votes for Speaker of the House on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Alex Brandon
Rep. Hakeem Jeffries, R-N.Y., reacts after being nominated for a third round of votes for Speaker of the House in the House chamber on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
Alex Brandon
Rep. Hakeem Jeffries, R-N.Y., reacts after being nominated for a third round of votes for Speaker of the House in the House chamber on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Alex Brandon
Rep. Steve Scalise, R-La., shakes hands with Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., after nominating him for the third round of votes for Speaker of the House on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
Alex Brandon
Rep. Steve Scalise, R-La., shakes hands with Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., after nominating him for the third round of votes for Speaker of the House on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Alex Brandon
Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., reacts after being nominated by Rep. Steve Scalise, R-La., for the third round of votes for Speaker of the House on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
Alex Brandon
Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., reacts after being nominated by Rep. Steve Scalise, R-La., for the third round of votes for Speaker of the House on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Alex Brandon
Rep. Steve Scalise, R-La., arrives to the House chamber before the vote for Speaker of the House on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
Alex Brandon
Rep. Steve Scalise, R-La., arrives to the House chamber before the vote for Speaker of the House on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Andrew Harnik
Rep. Jim Jordan, R-Ohio, nominates Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., for House Speaker ahead of a second round of voting during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
Andrew Harnik
Rep. Jim Jordan, R-Ohio, nominates Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., for House Speaker ahead of a second round of voting during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Alex Brandon
Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., nominates Rep. Jim Jordan, R-Ohio, for Speaker of the House on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
Alex Brandon
Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., nominates Rep. Jim Jordan, R-Ohio, for Speaker of the House on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Alex Brandon
Rep. Kevin McCarthy of Calif., listens as votes are cast for next Speaker of the House during the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
Alex Brandon
Rep. Kevin McCarthy of Calif., listens as votes are cast for next Speaker of the House during the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Alex Brandon
Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., talks with Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., during the vote for House Speaker on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
Alex Brandon
Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., talks with Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., during the vote for House Speaker on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Carolyn Kaster
House Republican Leader Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., walks from the office of the Speaker of the House on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023. There is no name plaque yet above the entrance. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster)
Carolyn Kaster
House Republican Leader Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., walks from the office of the Speaker of the House on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023. There is no name plaque yet above the entrance. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Alex Brandon
House Republican Leader Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., bottom right, is applauded after he was nominated to be the new Speaker of the House by Rep. Elise Stefanik, R-N.Y., in the House chamber on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
Alex Brandon
House Republican Leader Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., bottom right, is applauded after he was nominated to be the new Speaker of the House by Rep. Elise Stefanik, R-N.Y., in the House chamber on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Andrew Harnik
Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., arrives during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
Andrew Harnik
Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., arrives during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Alex Brandon
Outgoing House Speaker Nancy Pelosi of Calif., stands with Rep. Hakeem Jeffries, D-N.Y., during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
Alex Brandon
Outgoing House Speaker Nancy Pelosi of Calif., stands with Rep. Hakeem Jeffries, D-N.Y., during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Andrew Harnik
Rep. Steve Scalise, R-La., arrives during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
Andrew Harnik
Rep. Steve Scalise, R-La., arrives during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Andrew Harnik
Republicans applaud as Rep. Elise Stefanik, R-N.Y., nominates Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., as House Speaker during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
Andrew Harnik
Republicans applaud as Rep. Elise Stefanik, R-N.Y., nominates Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., as House Speaker during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Alex Brandon
Rep. Steve Scalise, R-La., greets lawmakers in the chamber on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
Alex Brandon
Rep. Steve Scalise, R-La., greets lawmakers in the chamber on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Alex Brandon
Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif., is seated in the House chamber on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
Alex Brandon
Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif., is seated in the House chamber on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
J. Scott Applewhite
Rep. Guy Reschenthaler, R-Pa., left, the incoming chief deputy whip for House Republicans, walks with Rep. Tom Emmer, R-Minn., the incoming House majority whip, as they arrive for a closed-door Republican Conference meeting at the Capitol in Washington, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, opening day of the 118th Congress. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
J. Scott Applewhite
Rep. Guy Reschenthaler, R-Pa., left, the incoming chief deputy whip for House Republicans, walks with Rep. Tom Emmer, R-Minn., the incoming House majority whip, as they arrive for a closed-door Republican Conference meeting at the Capitol in Washington, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, opening day of the 118th Congress. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Andrew Harnik
Rep.-elect George Santos, R-N.Y. sits in the chamber during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
Andrew Harnik
Rep.-elect George Santos, R-N.Y. sits in the chamber during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Alex Brandon
Rep.-elect George Santos, R-N.Y., top center, sits in the House chamber on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
Alex Brandon
Rep.-elect George Santos, R-N.Y., top center, sits in the House chamber on the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Andrew Harnik
Rep. Jim Jordan, R-Ohio, poses for a photo during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
Andrew Harnik
Rep. Jim Jordan, R-Ohio, poses for a photo during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Andrew Harnik
Paul Pelosi, husband of outgoing House Speaker Nancy Pelosi of Calif., sits in the gallery during the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
Andrew Harnik
Paul Pelosi, husband of outgoing House Speaker Nancy Pelosi of Calif., sits in the gallery during the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Andrew Harnik
Outgoing House Speaker Nancy Pelosi of Calif., stands with Rep. Hakeem Jeffries, D-N.Y., during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
Andrew Harnik
Outgoing House Speaker Nancy Pelosi of Calif., stands with Rep. Hakeem Jeffries, D-N.Y., during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
J. Scott Applewhite
House Republican Leader Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., emerges from a closed-door meeting with the GOP Conference as he pursues the speaker of the House role as the 118th Congress convenes, at the Capitol in Washington, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023. Detractors in the conservative House Freedom Caucus were making demands on McCarthy for in turn for their support. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
J. Scott Applewhite
House Republican Leader Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., emerges from a closed-door meeting with the GOP Conference as he pursues the speaker of the House role as the 118th Congress convenes, at the Capitol in Washington, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023. Detractors in the conservative House Freedom Caucus were making demands on McCarthy for in turn for their support. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Alex Brandon
Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., right, recites the Pledge of Allegiance during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
Alex Brandon
Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., right, recites the Pledge of Allegiance during opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023, in Washington.(AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
Carolyn Kaster
Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., stops to speak with reporters as she walks from a closed-door meeting with the GOP Conference during the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster)
Carolyn Kaster
Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., stops to speak with reporters as she walks from a closed-door meeting with the GOP Conference during the opening day of the 118th Congress at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, Tuesday, Jan 3, 2023. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster)
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Iran releases prominent actress held over protests
J. Scott Applewhite
House Republican Leader Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., emerges from a closed-door meeting with the GOP Conference as he pursues the speaker of the House role as the 118th Congress convenes, at the Capitol in Washington, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
J. Scott Applewhite
House Republican Leader Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., emerges from a closed-door meeting with the GOP Conference as he pursues the speaker of the House role as the 118th Congress convenes, at the Capitol in Washington, Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
Black congressional staffers, in particular, continue to trail their colleagues. While Black Americans account for more than 12% of the country’s population, just a little over 5% of top congressional staffers are Black, according to the Joint Center data.
The gap is even more stark for Latinos, who make up roughly 18.4% of the nation and just over 6% of top staff positions, the Joint Center data shows.
Filling the gap
These diversity figures are not static, and in the early weeks of the new Congress, the Joint Center has pushed for greater awareness as lawmakers seek to fill around 115 remaining top staff positions.
For the first time, the group published its data in the form of a tracker and “report card,” complete with a score for each member of Congress. The score compares the racial diversity of a member’s district to that of top staff. With an option to sort by political party, users can see that Democrats in both chambers have hired more people of color than their Republican counterparts.
The group last updated its numbers on Jan. 24 and plans to do so regularly. To determine race, researchers look at photos and names, and then contact congressional offices to ask for confirmation.
The Joint Center recently partnered with 70 national organizations to send letters to new and returning lawmakers urging them to consider candidates of color for top- and midlevel hires. The think tank also warned that racial diversity on the Hill could easily slide backward if members don’t make it a priority while staffing up.
Brenson pointed to promising steps in recent years, like the creation in 2019 of the House Office of Diversity and Inclusion, which conducts its own demographic surveys of congressional staffers. The office has worked to expand recruitment efforts at colleges and universities, and it offers resources for candidates, like mock interviews and resume reviews.
But no equivalent office exists on the Senate side, though Brenson said her group is agitating for the creation of one. Diversity among top Senate staff has lagged, with just one incoming senator — John Fetterman, the Pennsylvania Democrat — hiring a nonwhite person for a top-three position as of this week, according to the Joint Center.
“I think it would send a strong signal to the American people,” Brenson said.
