WASHINGTON (AP) — The U.S. House moved urgently to head off the looming nationwide rail strike on Wednesday, passing a bill that would bind companies and workers to a proposed settlement that was reached in September but rejected by some of the 12 unions involved.
The measure passed by a vote of 290-137 and now heads to the Senate. If approved there, it will be quickly signed by President Joe Biden, who requested the action.
Biden on Monday asked Congress to intervene and avert the rail stoppage that could strike a devastating blow to the nation’s fragile economy by disrupting the transportation of fuel, food and other critical goods. Business groups including the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the American Farm Bureau Federation warned that halting rail service would cause a $2 billion per day hit to the economy.
The bill would impose a compromise labor agreement brokered by the Biden administration that was ultimately voted down by four of the 12 unions representing more than 100,000 employees at large freight rail carriers. The unions have threatened to strike if an agreement can’t be reached before a Dec. 9 deadline.
Lawmakers from both parties expressed reservations about overriding the negotiations. And the intervention was particularly difficult for Democratic lawmakers who have traditionally sought to align themselves with the politically powerful labor unions that criticized Biden’s move to intervene in the contract dispute and block a strike.

Susan Walsh
FILE - Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer of N.Y., right, listens as House Speaker Nancy Pelosi of Calif., left, speaks to reporters at the White House in Washington, Nov. 29, 2022, about their meeting with President Joe Biden. Congress is moving swiftly to prevent a looming U.S. rail workers strike. Lawmakers are reluctantly intervening in a labor dispute to stop what would surely be a devastating blow to the nation’s economy if the transportation of fuel, food and other critical goods was disrupted (AP Photo/Susan Walsh)
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi responded to that concern by adding a second vote Wednesday that would add seven days of paid sick leave per year for rail workers covered under the agreement. However, it will take effect only if the Senate goes along and passes both measures.
The call for more paid sick leave was a major sticking point in the talks. The railroads say the unions have agreed in negotiations over the decades to forgo paid sick time in favor of higher wages and strong short-term disability benefits.
The head of the Association of American Railroads trade group said Tuesday that railroads would consider adding paid sick time in the future, but said that change should wait for a new round of negotiations instead of being added now, near the end of three years of contract talks.
The unions maintain that railroads can easily afford to add paid sick time at a time when they are recording record profits. Several of the big railroads involved in these contract talks reported more than $1 billion profit in the third quarter.
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House votes to avert rail strike, impose deal on unions
Billion Photos
Photo Credit: Billion Photos / Shutterstock
After decades of declining power and influence, organized labor in the U.S. is making a comeback.
The COVID-19 pandemic has set off a number of shifts in the labor market that have given workers more power. Labor participation rates fell sharply early in the pandemic and still have not recovered to pre-pandemic levels. The Great Resignation saw millions of workers leave their jobs in search of better pay or working conditions. With the labor market still tight, employers have struggled to recruit and retain employees.
In this context, workers have been organizing at rates not seen in decades. One of the most high-profile examples is the union drive at Starbucks stores across the U.S. over the last year. Around 250 Starbucks locations have voted to unionize since the first Starbucks union formed in Buffalo, NY late in 2021. Employees at other major companies have also attempted unionization, including retail and factory workers at Apple and Amazon. And the trend extends to white collar industries like tech, academia, and media, where unionization has historically been limited.
According to the National Labor Relations Board, 1,522 votes on unionization have taken place so far in 2022. This is the highest number of union elections since 2015 and an increase of more than 50% over 2021.
Billion Photos
Photo Credit: Billion Photos / Shutterstock
After decades of declining power and influence, organized labor in the U.S. is making a comeback.
The COVID-19 pandemic has set off a number of shifts in the labor market that have given workers more power. Labor participation rates fell sharply early in the pandemic and still have not recovered to pre-pandemic levels. The Great Resignation saw millions of workers leave their jobs in search of better pay or working conditions. With the labor market still tight, employers have struggled to recruit and retain employees.
In this context, workers have been organizing at rates not seen in decades. One of the most high-profile examples is the union drive at Starbucks stores across the U.S. over the last year. Around 250 Starbucks locations have voted to unionize since the first Starbucks union formed in Buffalo, NY late in 2021. Employees at other major companies have also attempted unionization, including retail and factory workers at Apple and Amazon. And the trend extends to white collar industries like tech, academia, and media, where unionization has historically been limited.
According to the National Labor Relations Board, 1,522 votes on unionization have taken place so far in 2022. This is the highest number of union elections since 2015 and an increase of more than 50% over 2021.
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House votes to avert rail strike, impose deal on unions
The recent uptick in unionization could begin to reverse a decades-long decline in union membership rates. The peak of union membership over the last 50 years was in 1979, when 24.1% of American workers were union members. That figure has since fallen by more than half, with only 10.3% of workers in a union as of 2021. In raw numbers, there are nearly 7 million fewer union members in the U.S. now than there were in the late 1970s.
Recent trends in unionization are significant to bother workers and employers. Unionization and collective bargaining materially affect the compensation and working conditions that workers experience, for better or for worse. In turn, these factors can affect employers’ ability to staff their businesses and the overhead costs they must pay to operate.
The recent uptick in unionization could begin to reverse a decades-long decline in union membership rates. The peak of union membership over the last 50 years was in 1979, when 24.1% of American workers were union members. That figure has since fallen by more than half, with only 10.3% of workers in a union as of 2021. In raw numbers, there are nearly 7 million fewer union members in the U.S. now than there were in the late 1970s.
Recent trends in unionization are significant to bother workers and employers. Unionization and collective bargaining materially affect the compensation and working conditions that workers experience, for better or for worse. In turn, these factors can affect employers’ ability to staff their businesses and the overhead costs they must pay to operate.
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House votes to avert rail strike, impose deal on unions
Compensation is one of the most notable differences between unionized and non-unionized workers, as unions are often able to negotiate for higher wages. And as unions’ influence has declined over time, so too has the gap in compensation between union and non-union employee wages. At the height of unionization in the late 1970s and early 1980s, union members made over 30% more per hour than their non-union counterparts. Today, union members continue to earn more than non-union workers, but the gap between the two is just 11%.
The new growth in union membership is unlikely to return the U.S. to historic levels of unionization, and union representation will continue to be stronger in some industries than others. Certain sectors of the economy have significantly higher rates of union membership than others, including transportation, utilities, public administration, and education. At the highest end, some industries have union membership rates greater than 50%.
The data used in this analysis is from Unionstats.com. Researchers at Smartest Dollar calculated the union membership rate for 247 industries, ranking them from highest to lowest. In the event of a tie, the industry with the greater union coverage rate was ranked higher.
Here are the most unionized industries.
Compensation is one of the most notable differences between unionized and non-unionized workers, as unions are often able to negotiate for higher wages. And as unions’ influence has declined over time, so too has the gap in compensation between union and non-union employee wages. At the height of unionization in the late 1970s and early 1980s, union members made over 30% more per hour than their non-union counterparts. Today, union members continue to earn more than non-union workers, but the gap between the two is just 11%.
The new growth in union membership is unlikely to return the U.S. to historic levels of unionization, and union representation will continue to be stronger in some industries than others. Certain sectors of the economy have significantly higher rates of union membership than others, including transportation, utilities, public administration, and education. At the highest end, some industries have union membership rates greater than 50%.
The data used in this analysis is from Unionstats.com. Researchers at Smartest Dollar calculated the union membership rate for 247 industries, ranking them from highest to lowest. In the event of a tie, the industry with the greater union coverage rate was ranked higher.
Here are the most unionized industries.
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House votes to avert rail strike, impose deal on unions
Andrey Armyagov
Photo Credit: Andrey Armyagov / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 25.0%
- Union coverage rate: 28.1%
- Total union membership: 138,656
- Total union coverage: 156,072
- Sector: Public Administration
Andrey Armyagov
Photo Credit: Andrey Armyagov / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 25.0%
- Union coverage rate: 28.1%
- Total union membership: 138,656
- Total union coverage: 156,072
- Sector: Public Administration
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House votes to avert rail strike, impose deal on unions
Sergey Nemirovsky
Photo Credit: Sergey Nemirovsky / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 25.1%
- Union coverage rate: 26.1%
- Total union membership: 47,959
- Total union coverage: 49,928
- Sector: Nondurable Goods Manufacturing
Sergey Nemirovsky
Photo Credit: Sergey Nemirovsky / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 25.1%
- Union coverage rate: 26.1%
- Total union membership: 47,959
- Total union coverage: 49,928
- Sector: Nondurable Goods Manufacturing
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House votes to avert rail strike, impose deal on unions
Viewfoto studio
Photo Credit: Viewfoto studio / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 25.2%
- Union coverage rate: 28.8%
- Total union membership: 76,932
- Total union coverage: 88,138
- Sector: Public Administration
Viewfoto studio
Photo Credit: Viewfoto studio / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 25.2%
- Union coverage rate: 28.8%
- Total union membership: 76,932
- Total union coverage: 88,138
- Sector: Public Administration
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House votes to avert rail strike, impose deal on unions
Zivica Kerkez
Photo Credit: Zivica Kerkez / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 25.6%
- Union coverage rate: 25.6%
- Total union membership: 29,094
- Total union coverage: 29,094
- Sector: Utilities
Zivica Kerkez
Photo Credit: Zivica Kerkez / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 25.6%
- Union coverage rate: 25.6%
- Total union membership: 29,094
- Total union coverage: 29,094
- Sector: Utilities
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House votes to avert rail strike, impose deal on unions
mavo
Photo Credit: mavo / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 26.2%
- Union coverage rate: 29.5%
- Total union membership: 332,403
- Total union coverage: 373,761
- Sector: Public Administration
mavo
Photo Credit: mavo / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 26.2%
- Union coverage rate: 29.5%
- Total union membership: 332,403
- Total union coverage: 373,761
- Sector: Public Administration
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House votes to avert rail strike, impose deal on unions
People Image Studio
Photo Credit: People Image Studio / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 26.4%
- Union coverage rate: 28.0%
- Total union membership: 30,428
- Total union coverage: 32,259
- Sector: Utilities
People Image Studio
Photo Credit: People Image Studio / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 26.4%
- Union coverage rate: 28.0%
- Total union membership: 30,428
- Total union coverage: 32,259
- Sector: Utilities
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House votes to avert rail strike, impose deal on unions
Shutterstock
Photo Credit: Feoktistoff / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 27.2%
- Union coverage rate: 33.0%
- Total union membership: 90,118
- Total union coverage: 109,429
- Sector: Public Administration
Shutterstock
Photo Credit: Feoktistoff / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 27.2%
- Union coverage rate: 33.0%
- Total union membership: 90,118
- Total union coverage: 109,429
- Sector: Public Administration
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House votes to avert rail strike, impose deal on unions
DedMityay
Photo Credit: DedMityay / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 29.5%
- Union coverage rate: 29.5%
- Total union membership: 15,053
- Total union coverage: 15,053
- Sector: Durable Goods Manufacturing
DedMityay
Photo Credit: DedMityay / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 29.5%
- Union coverage rate: 29.5%
- Total union membership: 15,053
- Total union coverage: 15,053
- Sector: Durable Goods Manufacturing
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House votes to avert rail strike, impose deal on unions
Shutterstock
Photo Credit: ersin ergin / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 38.4%
- Union coverage rate: 40.2%
- Total union membership: 231,414
- Total union coverage: 242,337
- Sector: Transportation & Warehousing
Shutterstock
Photo Credit: ersin ergin / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 38.4%
- Union coverage rate: 40.2%
- Total union membership: 231,414
- Total union coverage: 242,337
- Sector: Transportation & Warehousing
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House votes to avert rail strike, impose deal on unions
Shutterstock
Photo Credit: Ground Picture / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 39.1%
- Union coverage rate: 43.6%
- Total union membership: 3,457,197
- Total union coverage: 3,862,835
- Sector: Educational Services
Shutterstock
Photo Credit: Ground Picture / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 39.1%
- Union coverage rate: 43.6%
- Total union membership: 3,457,197
- Total union coverage: 3,862,835
- Sector: Educational Services
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House votes to avert rail strike, impose deal on unions
Shutterstock
Photo Credit: LightField Studios / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 40.9%
- Union coverage rate: 43.2%
- Total union membership: 1,093,245
- Total union coverage: 1,153,724
- Sector: Public Administration
Shutterstock
Photo Credit: LightField Studios / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 40.9%
- Union coverage rate: 43.2%
- Total union membership: 1,093,245
- Total union coverage: 1,153,724
- Sector: Public Administration
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House votes to avert rail strike, impose deal on unions
LeManna
Photo Credit: LeManna / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 42.5%
- Union coverage rate: 43.5%
- Total union membership: 190,016
- Total union coverage: 194,251
- Sector: Transportation & Warehousing
LeManna
Photo Credit: LeManna / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 42.5%
- Union coverage rate: 43.5%
- Total union membership: 190,016
- Total union coverage: 194,251
- Sector: Transportation & Warehousing
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House votes to avert rail strike, impose deal on unions
Ryan DeBerardinis
Photo Credit: Ryan DeBerardinis / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 54.0%
- Union coverage rate: 56.8%
- Total union membership: 107,632
- Total union coverage: 113,299
- Sector: Transportation & Warehousing
Ryan DeBerardinis
Photo Credit: Ryan DeBerardinis / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 54.0%
- Union coverage rate: 56.8%
- Total union membership: 107,632
- Total union coverage: 113,299
- Sector: Transportation & Warehousing
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House votes to avert rail strike, impose deal on unions
Drazen Zigic
Photo Credit: Drazen Zigic / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 58.8%
- Union coverage rate: 64.1%
- Total union membership: 369,623
- Total union coverage: 403,417
- Sector: Transportation & Warehousing
Drazen Zigic
Photo Credit: Drazen Zigic / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 58.8%
- Union coverage rate: 64.1%
- Total union membership: 369,623
- Total union coverage: 403,417
- Sector: Transportation & Warehousing
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House votes to avert rail strike, impose deal on unions
Billion Photos
Photo Credit: Billion Photos / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 65.0%
- Union coverage rate: 67.0%
- Total union membership: 52,163
- Total union coverage: 53,821
- Sector: Other Services, Exc. Public Admin.
Billion Photos
Photo Credit: Billion Photos / Shutterstock
- Union membership rate: 65.0%
- Union coverage rate: 67.0%
- Total union membership: 52,163
- Total union coverage: 53,821
- Sector: Other Services, Exc. Public Admin.